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David's lecture > Metabolism 2 > Flashcards

Metabolism 2 Flashcards

1
Q

regulation is exerted by what factors?

A
  • Substrate availability
  • Allosteric effector
  • Hormones (glucagon and insulin)
  • Induction of enzymes
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2
Q

There is a limited amount of glycogen in the liver. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Glucose and amino acid enter the blood stream and reach the liver via which vein?

A
  • Portal vein
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4
Q

Chylomicrons are absorbed via which system?

A
  • Lymphatic system (lacteal)
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5
Q

Insulin is secreted to stimulate storage of fuels. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

where are tiglycerides stored?

A

in the adipose tissue

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7
Q

Insulin stops heaptic glucose production. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What are the effects of insulin in the liver?

A
  • It turns on glycolysis and glucose synthesis, it switches off gluconeogenesis which decreases the glucose out put
  • Increases glycolysis for the production acetylCoa whic is used in fatty acid synthesis
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9
Q

what are the insulin effects in the muscle?

A
  • Increases presence of GLUT4

- Increases uptake of glucose as energy source and decreases fatty acid synthesis

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10
Q

What are the effects of insulin in the adipose tissue?

A
  • switches off hormone sensitive lipase
  • which decreases fatty acid production
  • Increaes fat storage
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11
Q

In the brain insulin decreases apeptite. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What occurs in between meals?

A
  • Blood glucose levels drops
  • Glucagon is stimulated
  • which stimulates glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen into glucose
  • Fatty acid release is increased from adipose tissue
  • muscles start using fatty acids as source of energy because glucose is scarce
  • Glucose being produced from glycogenolysis is uptaken by the brain
  • Gluconeogenesis is reduced/inhibited because glycogen breakdown is still occuring
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13
Q

in prolonged fasting, gluconeogenesis takes over as the main production of glucose. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

what occurs during long term starvation?

A
  • Gluconeogensis takes over main source of glucose
  • muscles stop uptaking glucose and use fatty acids and ketone bodies
  • Proteins are broken down which leads to muscle atrophy
  • Glycerol, lacatte and amino acids are all used to maintain energy for the brain
  • The brain start to rely upon ketone bodies for energy
  • Long term starvation can lead to brain malfunction
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15
Q

what is encephalopathy?

A
  • The swelling of the brain
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16
Q

Disorders of glycogen strorage, gluconeogensis and b-oxidation can lead to inadequate production of heaptic glucose, inadequate fatty acid oxidation which will lead to the brain running out of energy and production of toxic metabolits leading to brain swelling and coma. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

17
Q

Obesity is the consequence of the body being maintained in the well fed state. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

18
Q

Obesity can confer to insulin resistance. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

19
Q

how can obesity lead to the onset of type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Insulin become resistant
  • excess storage of fat in the adipose tissue
  • Excess fatstored in the liver
  • Hepatic glucose production is not switched off
  • leading to meal time hyperglycemia
20
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A
  • Patients become resistant to insulin, so glucose is uptaken by muscle and glucose production is not controlled by the liver
  • Often a consequence of obesity
21
Q

In type 2 diabetes ketoacidosis rarely occurs. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

22
Q

In type 2 diabetes there is an increase in VLDL. treu orf alse?

A

true

23
Q

In type 2 diabetes, the translocation of the GLUT4 is not decreased. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

Fasle

24
Q

In type 1 diabetes the patients do not have any insulin. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

25
Q

type 1 diabetic patients are stuck in a constant starvation state. true or false?

A

true

26
Q

patients with type 1 diabetes are always gluconeogenic and glyconeolytic which leads to hyperglycemia. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

27
Q

Uncontrolled proteolytic in type 1 diabetic patients leads to muscle wastage. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

In type 1 diabetes uncontrolled lipolysis leads to increase fatty acids in the plasma. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

29
Q

Ktone body production is increased leading to ketoacidosis. true or false?

A

true

David's lecture (13 decks)

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