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A&P II Exam 4 > Metabolism 2 > Flashcards

Metabolism 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

Entire network of chemical processes involved in maintaining life

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2
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

Biochemical reactions that occur in progression from beginning to end

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3
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

Breaks down compounds into smaller units

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4
Q

What are examples of what catabolism breaks down and what the end result is

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and fat

Get broken down into

CO2
H2O
NH3

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5
Q

Anabolic pathway

A

Users small, simpler compounds to build larger more complex compounds

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6
Q

What are examples of what anabolism breaks down and the end result

A

Amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol

Breaks down into

Proteins
Glycogen
Triglycerides
Other lipids

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7
Q

ATP is generated through

A

Cellular respiration

It oxidizes food molecules to obtain energy

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8
Q

Aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule has a net gain of….

A

30-32 ATP

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9
Q

Anaerobic respiration of one glucose molecule has a net gain of ….

A

2 ATP

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10
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration of glucose stages

A

Glycolysis

Transition reaction

Citric acid cycle, (TCA Cycle or Krebs cycle)

Electron transport system

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11
Q

Glycolysis is located in ….

A

Cytosol

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12
Q

What are the start and end products of glycolysis

A

Start: glucose

End: 2 molecules of pyruvate

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13
Q

What are the start and end products of transition reaction

A

Start: pyruvate

End: acetyl CoA

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14
Q

Where does transition reaction occur

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Where is citric acid cycle located

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

What happens in the third stage of aerobic cellular respiration of glucose? (AKA KREBS CYCLE)

A

Acetyl CoA enters the cycle

17
Q

What happens in electron transport systems rage

A

NADH+, H+, FADH2 are all oxidized to NAD+, and FAD

18
Q

Where does the electron transport system occur

A

Mitochondria

19
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Occurs in cells with no mitochondria or cells that utilize it when there is no oxygen

Pyruvate turns into lactate

Lactate is picked up by the liver

Liver synthesizes compounds used in aerobic metabolism from lactate

Pyruvate + NADH + H ——> 2 lactate + NAD+

20
Q

ATP production from fats

A

Release of energy trapped in triglycerides

Lipolysis

Fatty acid oxidation

Beta oxidation

21
Q

Lipolysis

A

Triglycerides broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

22
Q

Fatty acid oxidation

A

Takes place in mitochondria

Carnitine moves fatty acids from cytosol into mitochondria

23
Q

Beta oxidation

A

Yields acetyl CoA

24
Q

fat metabolism

A

split carbons (2 at a time) to convert into acetyl CoA

each acetyl CoA molecule made enters TCA

fatty acids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds and yield more energy than carbohydrates

provides required oxaloacetate to enter TCA

25
Q

what are 2 types of acids humans cant make

A

linoleNic acid

linoleic acid

26
Q

lineoleNic acid and linoleic acid are essential for

A

metabolic processes

producing eicosanoids (hormone like compounds)

27
Q

eicosanoids are signaling molecules made from

A

omega 3 and omega 6

28
Q

ketogenesis

A

ketone bodies formed by incomplete fatty acid oxidation

29
Q

what do most ketone bodies convert into

A

Acetyl CoA

30
Q

ketone bodies in the form of acetone gets to the lungs and gives

A

a fruit smell characteristic of people with ketosis

31
Q

forms of protein metabolism

A

gluconeogenesis

deamination

32
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

forming glucose from amino acids and other compounds

33
Q

deamination

A

amino acid loses the amine group,

amino acid and carbon skeleton enters TCA cycle

requires vitamin B6

34
Q

what are the types of synthesis of non essential amino acids

A

transamination

deamination

35
Q

transamination

A

transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid

36
Q

nonessential amino acids

A

body can produce

37
Q

conditionally essential amino acids

A

essential during infancy, disease or trauma

38
Q

essential amino acids

A

must be taken in by food

A&P II Exam 4 (5 decks)

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