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A&P II Exam 4 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of epididymis

A

Monitor and adjust fluid in seminiferous tubules

Store and protect spermatozoa

Facilitates functional maturation of spermatozoa
THEY REMAIN IMMOBILE

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2
Q

Spermatozoa will become functionally mature when

A

Mixed with secretion of seminal vesicles (THEN THEY BECOME MOBILE)

Exposed to conditions in the female reproductive tract (BECOME CAPABLE OF FERTILIZATION)

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3
Q

Where does the ductus deferents begin

A

At the epididymus

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4
Q

Peristaltic contractions propel spermatozoa along the ___

A

Ductus deferens

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5
Q

Functions of duct deferens

A

Transport spermatozoa

Store spermatozoa (FOR MONTHS)

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6
Q

The junction with the duct of the seminal vesicles marks the start of the _____

A

Ejaculatory duct

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7
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Short passageway that penetrates the muscular wall of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra

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8
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Bundle of fibrous connective tissue containing the ductus deferens, blood and lymphatic vessels, and testicular nerve

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9
Q

Why do human testes reside in the scrotum

A

Because of its cooler environment

CANT MAKE SPERM AT OUR NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE
ONLY AT 35 DEGREES C

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10
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms to regulate temperature of testes

A

Cremaster muscles

Dartos muscle

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11
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Strips of internal abdominal oblique muscle

Enmesh the spermatic cord

Contracts and draws testes upward toward body in cold temperature

Relaxes suspending testes further from body in warm temperature

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12
Q

Dartos muscle

A

Subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle

Contracts when cold, wrinkles scrotum, and holds testes against warm body

Reduces surface area of scrotum and heat loss

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13
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Contributes about 60% of total volume of semen

Contain fructose, prostaglandins, fibrinogen

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14
Q

Fructose is metabolized by _____ and used as a source of _____

A

Fructose is metabolized by spermatozoa and used as a source of energy

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15
Q

Prostaglandins stimulates

A

Smooth muscle contractions along the reproductive tracts

HELPS SPERMATOZOA TO MOVE

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16
Q

Fibrinogen forms a temporary clot within the vagina to prevent

A

Damage to spermatozoa by the acidic environment of vagina

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17
Q

Spermatozoa becomes mobile after

A

Mixing with seminal vesicles secretion

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18
Q

Prostate gland

A

Secretes an alkaline prostatic fluid that accounts for about 20-30% of semen volume

NEUTRALIZES ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT IN VAGINAL TRACT

Contains seminal plasmin (prevents UTI)

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19
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

Secrete alkaline mucus with lubricating properties

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20
Q

What are the contents of semen

A

2-5 mL fluid that contains:

20-100 million spermatozoa per mL

60% seminal fluid

20-30% prostatic fluid

Enzymes ( PROTEASE, SEMINAL PLASMIN, FIBRINOLYSIS)

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21
Q

Protease

A

Helps dissolve mucous secretion in vagina

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22
Q

Seminal plasmin

A

Antibiotic enzyme that kills bacteria

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23
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Liquifies the clotted semen after the vaginal environment is neutralized

24
Q

Male external genitalia consists of

A

Scrotum

Penis

25
Q

What are the 3 masses of erectile tissue in the penis

A

2 corpora cavernous beneath fascia

1 corpus spongiosum surrounding urethra

26
Q

3 regions of urethra

A

Prostatic

Membranous

Penile

27
Q

Functions of the reproductive system

A

Production of gametes (sex/germ cells)

Store gametes

Nourish gametes

Transport gametes

28
Q

Functions of female reproductive system

A

Provide nutrient and support to developing embryo, fetus, and infant

29
Q

Fertilization

A

Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote (fertilized egg)

NUCULI ARE GOING TO FORM TOGETHER

30
Q

What are the organs of the reproductive system

A

Gonads (testes, and ovaries)

Ducts

Accessory glands and organs

External genitalia

31
Q

Function of Gonads

A

Produce sperm/egg

32
Q

Testes produce ____

And secrete ____

A

Testes produce spermatozoa

And secrete testosterone

33
Q

How many oocytes do ovaries release a month

A

1

34
Q

What hormones do ovaries secrete

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

35
Q

What is the function of ducts

A

A passageway that opens to the exterior and transport gamete

36
Q

What does sperm do when it is along the ducts

A

Sperm mixes with secretion of accessory glands and then convert to semen

37
Q

Oocyte travels along

A

Uterine tube (duct) (Fallopian tube) to uterus

38
Q

Accessory glands and organs

A

Secrete fluid

Seminal vehicle secrete seminal fluid

39
Q

Secondary sex characteristics that develop at puberty in both sexes

A

Pubic and auxiliary hair and their associated scent glands, and the pitch of voice

40
Q

Male secondary’s sex characteristics

A

Facial hair

Coarse and visible hair on the torso and limbs, relatively muscular physique

41
Q

Female secondary sex characteristics

A

Distribution of body fat, breaker enlargement, and relatively hairless appearance of the skin

42
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Covers each testis

43
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

White coat on testes

44
Q

Septum created from tunica albuginea divides testes into

A

250 to 300 wedge shaped lobules

45
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Ducts where sperm are produced

46
Q

Seminiferous tubules contain

A

Spermatozoon is (stem/germ cell)

47
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Production of sperm cells

Spermatocytes go through meiosis I and meiosis II and make 4 spermatic

48
Q

functions of Sustentacular (serotonin) cells

A
  1. Protect germ cells and stimulate development

2. Provide nutrients, waste removal, growth factors etc to germ cells

49
Q

Interstitial (leadings) cells

A

Produce testosterone

50
Q

Sperm passageway

A

‘SEVEN UP’

Seminiferous tubules

Epididymis

Vas/ ductus deferents (and seminal vesicular)

Ejaculatory duct

N/A

Urethra

Penis

51
Q

What are the accessory organs of male reproductive system

A

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral glands

Scrotal sac encloses testes

52
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Spermatic differentiate into spermatozoa (physical maturation of sperm)

ACTUAL MOBILE SPERM FORMATION

Changes that transform spermatids into spermatozoa

Discarding excess cytoplasm and growing tails

53
Q

Head of spermatooon

A

Nucleus and densely packed chromosomes

54
Q

Middle piece of spermatozoon

A

Mitochondria that produce the ATP needed to move the tail

55
Q

Tail of spermatozoon

A

The only cell with flagellum in the human body

It enables the spermatozoa to swim

56
Q

Blood testis barrier (BTB)

A

Formed by tight junctions between sustentacular cells

Separates sperm from immune system

Prevents antibodies from getting to the germ cells

Germ cells would be attacked by the immune system

A&P II Exam 4 (5 decks)

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