metabolism

Question 1

what is metabolism

Answer 1

sum of all chemical reactions in living cells

Question 2

what is energy

Answer 2

ability to produce change , do work and move matter in a spontaneous way

Question 3

what is metabolism

Answer 3

sum of all chemical activity in living cell

Question 4

what is energy

Answer 4

ability to do work , move matter spontaneously , produce change

Question 5

2 types of energy

Answer 5

kinetic and potential

Question 6

energy conversion

Answer 6

switch of energy from kinetic to potential

Question 7

where do we get energy from

Answer 7

food

Question 8

what happens when organic nutrients enter cell

Answer 8

1. breakdown of nutrient for CR leading to ATP production
2. used to synthesize large molecules

Question 9

what do enzyme do in metabolic pathways

Answer 9

they catalyze each steps

Question 10

2 types of MP

Answer 10

Anabolic and Catabolic

Question 11

what are catabolic MP

Answer 11

break large molecules into small ones and energy is released

Question 12

what are Anabolic MP

Answer 12

build large molecules form smaller ones and it needs energy

Question 13

what elements make up our body

Answer 13

O2, H, C , Ca, P , N

Question 14

what makes up 96 % of our weight

Answer 14

C,H,O,N

Question 15

what makes up 2.5 % of our weight

Answer 15

Ca, P

Question 16

what is a chemical bond

Answer 16

force of attraction between atoms

Question 17

name the 3 types of bonds

Answer 17

covalent , ionic , Hydrogen

Question 18

which bonds are stronger

Answer 18

Covalent and Ionic

Question 19

which bond is weaker

Answer 19

Hydrogen

Question 20

what are covalent bonds

Answer 20

electron shared between 2 atoms

Question 21

which bond contains all macronutrients our body needs

Answer 21

covalent

Question 22

what is electronegativity

Answer 22

The attraction of a particular atom for the electrons in a covalent bond

Question 23

what happens if a covalent bond is too diff.

Answer 23

the bond becomes polar

Question 24

what is a polar bond

Answer 24

an unequal or exaggerated attraction or sharing of electron in a covalent bond

Question 25

what is a non polar bond

Answer 25

an equal electron sharing and the electronegativity of bonds are similar

Question 26

what is an ionic bond

Answer 26

when the electronegativity of a bond is too different , the electron is completely pulled toward an atom

Question 27

compounds created by ionic bonds are

Answer 27

SALTS

Question 28

important body ions

Answer 28

Na, K, Ca, Cl, H, HCO3( bicarbonate ) , PO4 ( phosphate)

Question 29

importance of ions

Answer 29

CR, muscle contractions and stimulation , nerve impulses ,

Question 30

what are hydrogen bonds

Answer 30

attraction between H+ and strong electro -- atom

Question 31

what do H bonds do

Answer 31

support double helix of DNA by connecting N bases between the strands

Question 32

what are chemical reactions

Answer 32

when bonds are formed, rearranged or broken

Question 33

what reactions involves catabolic MP

Answer 33

exergonic

Question 34

what reactions involves anabolic MP

Answer 34

endergonic

Question 35

what is free energy

Answer 35

measure of potential energy

Question 36

what are exergonic reactions

Answer 36

release of energy when bonds are broken

Question 37

which is higher in exergonic reactions ( product or reactant )

Answer 37

reactant

Question 38

which is higher in endergonic reactions ( product or reactant )

Answer 38

product

Question 39

what is energy coupling

Answer 39

body uses energy from catabolic MP to drive anabolic MP

Question 40

what's the link between endergonic and exergonic reactions

Answer 40

ATP ( permits transfer of energy from catabolic to anabolic )

Question 41

what is the full name of ATP

Answer 41

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 42

how many P bonds does ATP have

Answer 42

3

Question 43

Why does ATP have high energy bonds?

Answer 43

3 negatively charged Ps at the end of the molecule → negative charges repel each other → unstable molecule → instability = high energy

Question 44

what is phosphorylation

Answer 44

ATP transfers a group of P to another molecule to energize them

Question 45

what types of cellular work does ATP promotes

Answer 45

anabolism , active transport, mechincal work ,

Question 46

how does ATP work I transport work

Answer 46

Active transport is achieved by the phosphorylation of transport proteins which causes a conformational shape change allowing the passage of (molecule) across the membrane.

Question 47

is ATP constantly regenerated

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

how many molecules of ATP are consumed or recharged per sec

Answer 48

10 millions

Question 49

how many kg of ATP do healthy humans use per day

Answer 49

45

Question 50

but the amount present at all time is

Answer 50

1g