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neurophysiology <3 > metabolism > Flashcards

metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

storage of energy

A

in triglycerides & glycogen (carb storage)

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2
Q

anabolism

A

body energy stores replenished during & immediately after eating

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3
Q

glycogen

A

fine capacity (liver or skeletal muscle)

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4
Q

triglycerides

A

huge capacity (in adipose tissue)

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5
Q

catabolism

A

during fasting, triglycerides & glycogen broke down to provide continuous supply

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6
Q

hypothalamus & metabolism

A

regulates behaviours (hunger, satiety)

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7
Q

ARC (hypothalamus)

A

critical role in feeding behaviour, energy expenditure, senses metabolic hormones in blood

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8
Q

VMH (hypothalamus)

A

critical role in feeding behaviour, energy expenditure & reproduction

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9
Q

DMH (hypothalamus)

A

key role in adaptive thermogenesis & feeding behaviour

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10
Q

LH (hypothalamus)

A

reply bw ARC and VMH and higher centres involved in motivation and reward

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11
Q

PVH

A

controlling metabolism, GI renal and cardiovas functions

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12
Q

ME (hypothalamus)

A

circumventricular organ having permeable capillaries - interface bw neural and peripeheral endocrine systems

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13
Q

lesions in LH

A

caused weight loss (leaves them too satiated)

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14
Q

lesions on VMH

A

caused obesity (leave insatiable)

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15
Q

agrp / npy neurons

A

increase food intake
decrease energy expenditure

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16
Q

POMC neurons

A

decrease food intake
increase energy expenditure

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17
Q

tanycytes

A

subtype of ependymal cells (extend into hypothalamic tissue)
contact with neurons, reaching fenestrated network (tight junctions between = prevent diffusion into CSF)
controlling energy
balance and play a crucial role in regulating the access
of peripheral metabolic signals to the ARC.

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18
Q

a1 and a2 tanycytes

A

along VHM & ARC surface
express GFAP

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19
Q

B1 and B2

A

B1 - lateral exterior of infundibular recess
B2 - floor of ventricles
B = contact capillaries

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20
Q

where are AgRP only found?

A

ARC
synthesised in NPY containing cell bodies in ARC

21
Q

what type of neurons increase after fasting?

A

agrp / npy

22
Q

what does POMC gene encode for

A

MSHs ACTH B - endorphin

23
Q

agonists of MC4R receptor

A

a-msh b-msh y-msh

24
Q

what happens when someone doesnt have MC4R

A

obesity

25
Q

mc4r in LH?

A

regulate feeding behaviour and motivated behaviour

26
Q

mc4r in PVH

A

regulate energy stores

26
Q

mc4r in PVH

A

regulate energy stores

27
Q

what is an agonist / antagonist to mc4r

A

a-msh = agonist (not hungry from pomc)
agrp = antagonist (hungry from agrp)

28
Q

db/db

A

overproduce a satiety factor but dont respond to it
have factor no receptor

29
Q

ob/ob

A

respond to satiety factor
have receptor but no factor

30
Q

leptin

A

more fat = more leptin secreted

31
Q

leptin receptor

A

encoded by db gene
(three isoforms: long, short, secretory)
leptin -> LepR activates STAT3 -> pSTAT3 -> regulate gene transcription

32
Q

leptin -> agrp

A

inhibits

33
Q

leptin -> pomc

A

activates

34
Q

leptin -> pomc

A

activates

35
Q

deletion of lepR in AgRP & POMC

A

increase BW & adiposity

36
Q

insulin (what do signals to muscle/fat & liver mean?)

A

signals to muscle & fat TO uptake glucose form blood
signals to liver TO stop glucogenesi

37
Q

insulin on IR

A

phosphorylation of AKT -> gene transcription and neuronal excitability

38
Q

deleted IR

A

increase BW and fat mass

39
Q

exogenous insulin signals to ?

A

agrp & pomc in arc

40
Q

endogenous insulin

A

insulin after a meal activated agrp neurons

41
Q

ghrelin

A

hunger hormone
activates agrp`

42
Q

ghrelin & BBB

A

ghrelin cant diffuse across BBB
so in fed state: no fenestrations = no ghrelin = no hunger
fasting state: expand brain windpw = ghrelin can enter = hunger

43
Q

pomc & wat browning?

A

pomc activation = increase in browning

44
Q

agrp & wat browning?

A

inhibition of agrp = increase in wat browning

45
Q

PTP1B

A

negatively regulates LepR signalling

46
Q

TCPTP

A

negatively regulates IR signalling

47
Q

PTP1B & TCPTP + obesity?

A

increased

48
Q

increased PTP1B & TCPTP = ? wat browning & HGP

A

WAT browning decrease & HGP increase

neurophysiology <3 (11 decks)

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