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neurophysiology <3 > enteric nervous system > Flashcards

enteric nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

define ENS

A

network of cell bodies, processes, axons in the wall of GI tract
can work independently of brain

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2
Q

more cell bodies: s.c. or ENS?

A

ens

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3
Q

what neurons are included in ENS?

A

neurons within wall of gi tract, axons & terminals of parasymp, symp & visceral sensory neurons that innervate GI tract

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4
Q

myenteric plexus

A

main neural supply of gut

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5
Q

submucosal plexus (2 functions)

A

regulate secretion into lumen of GI tract
arterioles for blood flow to mucosa

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6
Q

primary vs secondary vs tertiary plexus (ens)

A

1: connective nerve trunks between myenteric ganglia
2: nerve trunks that run into circular muscles
3: supply longitudinal muscles

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7
Q

where does ganglionated plexus begin? (submucosal vs myenteric)

A

sub: pylorus
my: upper oesophageal sphincter (and all the way to anus)

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8
Q

which ens ganglia is bigger?

A

myenteric (bigger than submucosal)

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9
Q

efferent nerve supply
2 different paths, where do they innervate

A

sympathetic: entire
parasympathetic: upper & lower

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10
Q

afferent nerve supply
2 different paths, where do they run?, what do they innervate

A

innervate entire GI tract
vagal: cell bodies in nodose ganglia
dorsal root: run in splanchnic & pelvic nerves

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11
Q

functions of ENS

A
  1. movement of intestinal content
  2. regulation of water & electrolyte transport across mucosa
  3. control of acid secretion, mucus secretion, bicarbonate secretion
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12
Q

movement of salts and water for homeostasis (2 types)

A

absorption: lumen -> body
secretion: body -> lumen

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13
Q

describe intestinal movements

A

when nutrients present in lumen:
localised contractions - then propagate = peristalsis

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14
Q

blockers of intestinal movement (what and how)

A
  1. tetrodotoxin: blocks a.p.
  2. antagonist muscarinic & nicotinic receptors
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15
Q

intrinsic sensory neurons (ens)
sensitive to what

A

distension, mucosal deformation, presence of nutrients

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16
Q

excitatory motor neurons & inhibitory motor neurons (ens)
what nt’s

A

to circular & longitudinal muscles (2 types)
e: contract (Ach, SP) i: relax (NOS)

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17
Q

interneurons in ENS (2 types)

A

Orally: ascending
Anally: descending

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18
Q

secretomotor neurons (ens)

A

secretion control

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19
Q

vasodilator neurons (ENS)

A

control diam of art

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20
Q

intestinofugal neurons (ens)

A

coordinate activities throughout entire ens

21
Q

interplexus interneurons

A

communication between 2 plexus

22
Q

law of the intestine
(what was the experiment, what does this mean?)

A

contraction ABOVE, relaxation BELOW stimulus
ASCENDING, ORALLY: excitation
DESCENDING, ANALLY: inhibition

23
Q

top-down approach (ens)

A

properties neurons must have for behaviours

24
Q

immunohistochemistry

A

label for specific neurochemical markers
ganglion = 20 diff neurons

25
Q

transcriptomics

A

see what neurons have similar mRNA

26
Q

how are functions of ens neurons defined?

A

physiology, projections

27
Q

properties of ISNs

A

Properties: primary responders to physiological stimuli, mult. axons to span large areas, chemosensitive to detect nutrients, mechanosensitive channels

28
Q

do motor neurons allow propagation of motor patterns?

A

NO

29
Q

ISN -> local interneurons & motor neurons = _____ projections

A

polarised projections

30
Q

how does propagation occur?

A

descending interneurons connected to ascending interneurons & excitatory motor neurons
therefore anally directed constriction follows relaxation
= propagation

31
Q

local disruption in neural circuit (ens) -> propagation

A

produce stationary contractions on either side of disruption

32
Q

factors altering gut behaviour

A

chemical composition of contents, volume of contents, viscosity and texture of contents

33
Q

what does high nutrient content favour in the gut?

A

segmentation (over propulsion)

34
Q

large volume of contents triggers?

A

propulsive contractile patterns and receptive relaxation
= increase speed

35
Q

low vs high viscosity contents in gut

A

low: move quick, no deformation of mucosa
high: move slow, mechanical stimulation of mucosa

36
Q

EE cells

A

1% of enterocytes -> produce hormones in response to nutrient presence
apical membrane exposed lumen
basal membrane exposed to lamina propria

37
Q

EC cells

A

syn, store, release SEROTONIN
respond to chemical and mechno stim (via taste rec or mechanorec)

38
Q

neuropods
present on what cells, what do they do?

A

on EE and EC cells
contact terminals of sensory neurons
have proteins involved in transmitter release

39
Q

blocking serotonin uptake

A

increasing segmenting motor activity in jejunum

40
Q

blocking serotonin receptors in mucosa

A

reduces nutrient induced segmenting motor activity

41
Q

releasing serotonin from mucosa with cholera tocin

A

increases propulsive motor activity (rapidly)

42
Q

can serotonin cross blood brain barrier?

A

no

43
Q

Amino Acid Application (onto mucosa)

A

initiates local reflexes via serotonin and or atp

44
Q

Amino Acid Application (onto mucosa)

A

initiates local reflexes via serotonin and or atp

45
Q

cholinergic secretomotor neuron
process of how it works

A

Ach -> M3 -> increase Cl- grad

46
Q

non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons
process

A

Vip -> AC -> cAMP -> CFTR open

47
Q

secretion process (ens)

A

Cl- influx via cftr (tops of villi) -> water and Na+ follow passively

48
Q

absorption process (ens)

A

Electroneutral (no direct neural control), constituently active
Na+ transported from lumen into enterocytes (@ tips of villi & mucosal surface of colon)
Via NHE3 sodium hydrogen exchanger (in apical membrane)
Newly differentiated enterocytes -> CFTR
Older enterocytes -> NHE3
Increased speed = Less absorption

49
Q

diarrhoea from cholera

A

Diarrhoea results
Activates AC, releases 5-HT from EC cells
Increased propulsive contractions & hypersecretions
Increases excitability of myenteric ISNs = hyperactive

neurophysiology <3 (11 decks)

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