Metabolism

Question 1

What are the three stages involved in the process of NRG

Answer 1

Stage 1: digestion in the GI tract
Stage 2: occurs in cell cytoplasm
Stage3: almost entirely catabolic in the mito.

Question 2

______ of Proteins, carbs, and fats are converted to ATP

Answer 2

oxidation

Question 3

most abundant source of high NRG phosphate bonds in the cells

Answer 3

phosphate creatine

• used to restore low levels of ATP

Question 4

______: the amt of NRG liberated per unit of time

Answer 4

metabolic rate

Question 5

_____: NRG released during metabolism that is required for day to day life

Answer 5

basal meabolic rate (BMR)

Question 6

_____ is used to measure BMR

Answer 6

calotrimetry

Question 7

____: awake, complete rest, 12 hours since last meal

Answer 7

basal

• to test basal
• basal is lower than resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Question 8

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is tested ____ hours after last meal

Answer 8

3-4

Question 9

____: unit of NRG released from foods or expended by functional processes of the body

Answer 9

Calorie

Question 10

_____: heat necessary to raise temp of one gram of water one degree C

Answer 10

small “c” (GRAM CALORIE)

Question 11

______: heat necessary to raise temp of one kg of water by one degree C

Answer 11

Capital “C” (kilocalorie)

• small c= raise temp of one gram

Question 12

____ is the most common way to measure BMR

Answer 12

indirect calorimetry

- O2 comsumption by measuring gas exchange during respiration by portable machine

Question 13

____ ppl have a higher MR

Answer 13

ectomorph (tall and lean)

Question 14

____ ppl have a lower MR

Answer 14

endomorph (short and fat )

Question 15

What are three endocrine hormones that will increase MR

Answer 15

thyroxine
testosterone
Growth hormone

Question 16

____ is the increase of MR via eating foods

Answer 16

thermogenesis

Question 17

____ types of exercise have a greater effect on MR during exercise

Answer 17

anaerobic

Question 18

_____: is when the SP increases MR by increasing Epinephrine and Norephinephrine

Answer 18

nonshivering thermogenesis

Question 19

____: for every 10 degrees F rise in temp there is an increase in MR

Answer 19

Q 1o effect

Question 20

Heat decreases MR due to changes in the ____ horm activity

Answer 20

thyroxine

Question 21

Neural signals from the GI tract are (3)

Answer 21

1. vagal afferent fibers
2. activation of stretch receptors
3. brain decodes what is eaten and how much

Question 22

(3) nutritional signals related to NRG stores

Answer 22

rise in glucose levels, AA, and FA

Question 23

____ body temp may inhibit eating

Answer 23

increase

why you arent hungry when you are at the beach all day

Question 24

____ stim the AGRP/NPY neuron to increase food intake

Answer 24

ghrelin

Question 25

*_(3)____ wil inhibit the AGRP/NPY neuron to reduce food intake

Answer 25

Insulin, leptin, and CCK

Question 26

____ horm is secreted by adipose tiss. it acts as a anorexigenic

Answer 26

leptin

Question 27

activation of the ___ neuron decrease food intake and incr. NRG expedenture

Answer 27

POMC

Question 28

____ horm is released during fasting to stim appetite

Answer 28

Ghrelin

• distention of the stomach secretes ghrelin and tells the pituitary to eat more

Question 29

_____ is the feeding center

Answer 29

hypothalmus

Question 30

Major GI hormones that inhibit appetite

Answer 30

CCK, PYY, GLP, insulin