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T3- GIGU unit1 > gneral principles of Gastro physio > Flashcards

gneral principles of Gastro physio Flashcards

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1
Q

The stomach preforms ___ to digest food

A

churning

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2
Q

The Small intestines preform ___ to digest food

A

segmentation

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3
Q

absorption occurs in the ___ and ___

A

small and large intestine

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4
Q

all GI endocrine horms are ____

A

peptides

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5
Q

____ horm are released into the blood and act on distant target cells

A

endocrine horm

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6
Q

____ horm act on target cells by diffusion

A

paracrine

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7
Q

___________horm act on target cells by action potentials

A

neurocrine horm

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8
Q

__ nerve type mainly stim the GI tract

A

parasympathetic

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9
Q

____ nerve type usually inhibits the GI tract

A

sympathetic

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10
Q

Name the two nerve plexus’ of the GI Tract

A

myenteric (Auerbach’s ) plexus

submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus

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11
Q

Location of the enteric nervous system

A

gut wall from esophagus to anus

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12
Q

The enteric nervous system begins at the ___

A

esophagus

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13
Q

____ is the source of Ach

A

cholingeric neurons

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14
Q

Ach acts to contract ___ muscles

A

smooth muscles

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15
Q

Ach acts to ___ sphincters

A

relax

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16
Q

Ach acts to increase (3) secretions

A

salivary
gastric
pancreatic

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17
Q

Source of Norephinephrine

A

adrenergic neurons

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18
Q

Norephinephrine acts to ___ smooth M and contract ____

A

relax smooth muscle

contract sphincters

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19
Q

norephinephrine acts to increase ___ secretion

A

salivary

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20
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide source is ___

A

neurons of mucosa and smooth muscles

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21
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide increase (2) secretions

A

intestinal

pancreatic

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22
Q

source of gastrin releasing peptide or bombesin

A

neurons of gastric mucosa

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23
Q

gastrin releasing peptide (bombesin) increases ____ secretions

A

gastrin

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24
Q

source of encephalin (opiates)

A

neurons of mucosa and smooth muscle

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25
Q

source of neuropeptide Y

A

neurons of mucosa and smooth muscle

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26
Q

enkephalins decreases ____

A

intestinal secretions

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27
Q

neuropeptide Y decreases ___ secretions

A

intestinal

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28
Q

source of substance P

A

cosecreted with Ach

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29
Q

substance P increases ____ secretions

A

salivary

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30
Q

Which (2) neurotramsmitters decrease intestinal secretions

A

enkephalins & neuropeptide Y

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31
Q

Which neurotransmitters contract smooth

A

Ach
Vasoactive intestinal peptides
enkephalins
substance P

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32
Q

Which neurotransmitters relax the smooth muscle

A

norepinephrine

neuropeptide Y

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33
Q

which neurotransmitter relax sphincters

A

Ach

vasoactive intestinal peptides

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34
Q

which neurotransmitter contract sphincter

A

norepinephrine

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35
Q

Myenteric plexus starts at ___ and ends at ___

A

esophagus to anus

36
Q

Myenteric plexus is located btw the ___ and ___ layers

A

btw longitudinal and circular SM layers

37
Q

function of the myenteric plexus

A

controls the GI motility

  • increases tonic contraction (tone)
    increases contraction freq / intensity (increase propulsion)
  • inhibits sphincter tone
38
Q

The stimulatory influences of the myentric plexus increases ___ & ___

A 
tonic contraction (tone) 
contraction freq / intensity (increase propulsion)
39
Q

the myentric plexus inhibits

A

sphincter tone (relaxes)

40
Q

the myentric plexus inhibits which sphincters (3)

A

pyloric
ileocecal
LES

41
Q

location of the submucosal plexus

A

mucosal layer from esophagus to anus

42
Q

function of the submucosal plexus

A

local control of:
secretion
absorption
contraction of muscularis mucosa

43
Q

___ plexus stim contraction of the muscularis mucosa

A

submucosal plexus

44
Q

____ division is derived from foregut and midgut

A

cranial division of the vagus N

45
Q

___ division is derived from the hindgut

A

sacral division ( pelvic splanchnic N)

46
Q

pre gg neurons (long) originate at __-__ (cell bodies and synapse in prevertebral gg

A

T5-L2

47
Q

pregg Neurons (long) originate at T5-L2 and synapse in ___gg

A

prevertebral gg

48
Q

_____________ neurons originate at T5-L2 and synapse in prevertebral gg

A

pregg neurons (long)

49
Q

______ neurons originate in ganglia (cell bodies) and innervate entire gut

A

post gg neurons (long)

50
Q

_____ neurons innervate the entire gut

A

POST GG (LONG)

51
Q

nuerocrines are ___

A

neurotransmitters

52
Q

stim of afferent neurons will cause (3) :

A

distention of gut wall
non specific irritation of gut mucosa
specific chem stim

53
Q

name three long loop reflexes

A

gastrocolic
enterogastric
colonileal

  • go back to the prevertebral gg
54
Q

____ reflex: signal from the dued. & s. intestine to inhibite stomach motility & secretion

A

enterogastric reflex

  • keeps from the stomach dumping more food in an already full dued
  • prevertebral gg
55
Q

______ reflex : when destention of the stomach occurs it increases peristalsis of the colon

A

gastrocolic reflex

  • prevertebral gg
56
Q

Which three reflexes trace back to the prevertebral gg

A

enterogastric
gastrocolic
colonileal

57
Q

_____ reflex: colon to ileum to inhibite ileum from emptying so that food can be absorbed

A

colonileal reflex

  • prevertebral gg
58
Q

pathway of the vagovagal reflex

A

stomach/dued –> aff. N –> brain –> eff –> stomach/ duod

59
Q

What nerve controls the vagovagal reflex

A

vagus N

60
Q

_____ REFLEX: allows the stomach to relax for more distention

A

vagovagal reflex

  • decreases motility and increases secretions
61
Q

path of the defection reflex

A

colon/rectum –> affN –> SC –> eff –> colon/rectum

62
Q

_____ reflex: allows destintion of the rectum and increases peristalsis. The internal anal sphincter relaxes.

A

defication reflex

63
Q

____ & ____ M relax during defication reflex. While the pelvic ____ pushes down and causes the ___ sphincter to evert

A

relaxation of the pubic rectalis M & internal anal sphincter

  • pelvic diaphragm pushes down and everts the external anal sphincter
64
Q

____ reflex: inhibits the entire GI tract

A

Pain reflex

65
Q

What are the 4 organ components to the splanchnic circulation

A

GI tract
spleen
pancreas
liver

66
Q

What are the three feeder arteries of the splanchnic circulation

A

celiac art

sup. mesen. art
inf. mesen. art

67
Q

celiac art supplies (2)

A

stomach and splean

68
Q

Sup. mesen. art supplies (3)

A

S.int., pancreas, prox. colon

69
Q

inf. mesen. art supplies (1)

A

majority of colon

70
Q

name the venous drainage

A

portal v –> liver sinusoids –> hepatic V

71
Q

_____ cells line the liver sinusoids and remove bact.

A

reticuloendothelial cells

72
Q

What type of cells are reticuloendothelial cells ?

A

Von Kuffer

  • line the liver sinusoids. Remove bact.
73
Q

during splanchnic circulation 1/2 to 1/3 nutrients is removed and stored in the ___

A

liver

74
Q

there is an increase in blood flow for ___-__ hr after eating

A

3-6 hours

increases 2-3 fold

75
Q

name (3) vasodiator horm

A

gastric, secretin, CCK

76
Q

Name (2) vasodilator kinin

A

kallidin

bradykinin

77
Q

What occurs when there is love O2 and high adenosine

A

causes an induced blood flow

  • with increase activity there is an increase in O2 comsumption. Need more blood to bring O2
78
Q

three factors that cause activity-induced blood from

A

vasodilator horm (gastrin, secretin, CCK)

vasodilator kinin (kallidin, bradykinin)

low O2 & high adenosine

79
Q

PNS ___ gut activity

A

increases gut activity (increases blood flow)

80
Q

SNS ____ blood flow to the gut

A

decreases

81
Q

____ is vasoconstriction via SP. Blood is directed toward the ext.

A

autoregulatory escape

82
Q

fxn of the central lacteal

A

to absorb triglycerides

83
Q

c.c. ____ : ischemic necrosis to the villi caused by a blockage within either the sup. or inf mesenteric art

A

mesentreric thrombosis

84
Q

What (4) c.c. can cause decrease in splanchnic flow, necrosis to villi tip, and decrease absorption capabilities

A

circulatory shock
decrease cardiac output
hypotension
mechanical obstruction

85
Q

What does cholinergic refer to?

A

anything that has to do with Ach

86
Q

What does peptidergic have to do with?

A

anything to do with NE

  • VIP and substance P response to NE

T3- GIGU unit1 (4 decks)

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