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T3- GIGU unit1 > gastrointestinal motility > Flashcards

gastrointestinal motility Flashcards

S: 32

1
Q

______: when an A.P is elicited within the M it will trvel in all directions of the M

A

syncytium

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2
Q

an A.P will ____ of the cell membrane

A

reverse polarity

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3
Q

___: are low resistance pathways fro ion movement. They signal AP propagation

A

gap jxn

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4
Q

rhythmical changes in membrane potential caused by variations in ____

A

sodium conductance

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5
Q

___ are pacemaker cells

A

Interstitial cells fo Cajal

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6
Q

____ cells dictate max freq of SM contraction

A

Interstitial cells of CAJAL

  • independent of nervous/ horm stim
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7
Q

Interstitial cells of CAJAL open and close ___ channels

A

Ca+2 channels

  • SM is controlled by Ca+2 channels
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8
Q

nervous and horm stim will affect the ____ of GI SM contractions

A

amplitude

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9
Q

_____ is affected by nervous and horm stim, and ____ is NOT

A

amplitude is affected

  • freq is not affected
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10
Q

the stomach contracts ___ x’s per min

A

3 x’s

(dued= 6
ileum = 8-9)
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11
Q

dued. contracts ___x’s per min

A

6x’s per minute

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12
Q

ileum contracts ___x’s per min

A

8-9x’s

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13
Q

the threshold is ____ mV before spikes are formed

A
  • 40mV

- above -40 will cause a spike AP

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14
Q

There is constant contraction due to __

A

slow waves

- interstitual cells of Cajal act as pacemakers and constantly regulate the RMP

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15
Q

A spike potential will be stim by (3)

A
  1. stretch
  2. AcH
  3. PS
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16
Q

hyperpolarization will be caused by (2)

A
  1. SP
  2. NE
  • will cause the membrane potential to go super neg. making it harder to stim an action
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17
Q

SM contract at ___mV

A

-40mV (threshold)

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18
Q

There are voltage dependent ____ channels in the GI tract

A

Ca+2 channels

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19
Q

Ca+ binds to ____ in voltage Ca+ channels

A

calmodulin

- this activates myosin kinase

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20
Q

the binding ofCa+ to calmoduin activates ____ = contraction

A

activates myosin kinase

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21
Q

(4) factors that depolarize the membrane

A
  1. stretching of M
  2. Stim by AcH
  3. Stim by PS
  4. Stim by GI horm
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22
Q

(2) factors that stim the hyperpolarization of the membrane

A
  1. NE or EN

2. SP

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23
Q

action of the GI tract when depolarized

A

contraction

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24
Q

action of the GI tract when hyperpolarized

A

relaxation

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25
Q

____ horm works with gastric and intestinal motility

A

gastrin

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26
Q

___ horm causes contraction of GB and inhibits stomach contraction

A

CCK

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27
Q

___ horm causes mild effect on GIT motility

A

Secretin

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28
Q

____ horm causes mild stomach contraction

A

GIP

29
Q

____ horm stim gastric and intestinal motility

A

motilin

30
Q

What horm is stim by protein carb and fats?

A

GIP

31
Q

____ horm stim the beta cells to produce insulin

A

GIP

32
Q

c.c _____ test stim GIP horm to test the bodies response to insulin

A

oral glucose dependent test

33
Q

(3) horm that stim motility

A

gastrin
secretion
motilin

34
Q

(2) horm inhibit stomach contraction

A

CCK

GIP

35
Q

(3) horm stim by protein

A

Gastrin
GIP
CCK

36
Q

(1) horm that stim by carb

A

GIP

37
Q

(4) horm stim by fat

A

CCK
Secretion
GIP
motilin

38
Q

____ : chopping and shearing movements

A

segmentation

39
Q

___ M does segmentation

A

circular M

40
Q

“______”: orad contraction with downstream receptive relaxation

A

law of GUT

41
Q

*** _____ blocks Ach receptors

A

atrophine

  • decreases peristalsis
  • given in meds
42
Q

____ plexus is required for peristalsis to occur

A

myenteric plexus

43
Q

**c.c. ____ : is in drugs. It binds to the nicotinic receptors so that AcH can not bind. Inhib. peristalisis

A

atropine

44
Q

***c.C._______: condition where the child is born without a myentric plexus= no peristalsis

A

hirschsprungs dx

45
Q

swallowing reflex is stim when _____

A

food bolus brought btw tongue and palate

46
Q

(4) purposes of mastication

A
  1. breakdown cellulose membrane
  2. increase surface area exposed to digestive enzymes
  3. prevent excoriation of the GI tract
  4. increase easy passage through the GI tract
47
Q

(3) stages of swallowing

A
  1. oral
  2. pharyngeal
  3. esophagus
48
Q

during the pharyngeal stage the ___ is closed and the ___ is open

A

trachea closed

esophagus open

49
Q

pharyngeal stage of swallowing is initiated by stim the ______ & ____

A

posterior mouth & pharynx

50
Q

the pharyngeal stage motor impulse is supplied by (4) N

A

trigeminal
glossopharyngeal
vagus
hypoglossal

51
Q

secondary peristalsis results from ____ of the esophagus

A

distention

52
Q

the upper 1/3 of the esophagus is ___M innervated by __& __

A

skeletal M

innervated by : glossopharyngeal and vagus
pharyngeal plexus

53
Q

the lower 2/3 of the esophagus is innervated by ____ and is made up of ___M

A

innervated by vagus

SM

54
Q

c.c.____ : is a condition where the upper esophageal sphincter can not keep air out / swallowing air

A

aerophagia

55
Q

c.c. esophageal cancer is a result of what?

A

the lower esophageal sphnincter can not completely close, so the esophagus is exposed to chronic irritation by gastric juices

56
Q

What two muscles make up the hypopharyngeal sphincter?

A

cricopharyngeus

inferior constrictor M

57
Q

Name the two esophagus M

A

hypopharyngeal sphnicter

lower esophagus sphnicter

58
Q

fxn of the hypopharyngeal sphincter

A

tonically contract and relax

59
Q

peptidergic fibers in the vagus N release ____ which relaxes the LES

A

VIP

60
Q

(6) aspects that maintain the LES tone

A

1.difference in intra-abdominal and intra thoracic presure

  1. diaphragmatic support
  2. phrenicoesophageal lig
  3. esophageal mucosal folds
  4. angle of His
  5. horm.s
61
Q

c.c._____: failure of LES to relax. it impedes flow of food into stomach

A

achalasia

  • lesion in the dorsal motor neuron, vagal trunk, myenteric plexus
62
Q

c.c. in the condition of achalasia there could be a lesion in which 3 places

A

dorsal motor neuron
myenteric plexus
vagal trunk

63
Q

c.c.____: low resting tone of the LES, inappropriate relaxation, or decreased postprandial pressure

A

GERD

64
Q

factors that depolarize the membrane (4)

A
  1. stim of M
  2. stim by AcH
  3. Stim by PS
  4. Stim by GI horms
65
Q

factors that cause the membrane to hypoerpolarize (2)

A
  1. NE or EN

2. SP

66
Q

distention of the stomach is limited to ___ to ___ L

A

0.8 to 1.5 liters

67
Q

fxn of vagovagal reflexes -

A

decrease M tone of the stomach wall

68
Q

there is retropulsion from the ____ of the stomach during propulsion of food

A

retropulsion

69
Q

____: mild pain ensuing 12-24 hours after last ingestion of food

A

hunger pangs

hunger contraction is empty for several hours

T3- GIGU unit1 (4 decks)

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