Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
Read
A
- The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur.
- The cell extracts energy stored in sugars and other fuels and applies energy to perform work.
- Some organisms even convert energy to light, as in bioluminescence.
2
Q
What do cells require energy to do? (T.C.P - G.M.S)
A
- Grow & Divide (meiosis + mitosis)
- Change shape e.g. red blood cells change shape to fit
through tiny capillaries. - Move - orchestrated movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations e.g. blood clotting in wound healing.
- Pump ions in & out (Na & K pump)
- Transport vesicles (e.g. cell membrane proteins)
- Synthesis macromolecules e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins complex carbohydrates.
3
Q
What is metabolism?
A
- The sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living organism.
4
Q
How do metabolic pathways begin and end? (see pics slide 4)
A
- W/a specific molecule and ends with a product.
- Each step is catalyzed by a SPECIFIC ENZYME.
5
Q
What are the 2 types of metabolism?
A
- Catabolism (catabolic)
- Anabolism (anabolic)
6
Q
What is Catabolism?
A
- large molecules are broken down to smaller ones.
- Exergonic - release energy (produce more energy then they consume).
E.g. The oxidation (break down) of glucose.
7
Q
What is Anabolism?
A
- small molecules are linked to form larger ones.
- Endergonic (consume more energy than they produce).
E.g. The synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
8
Q
What is ATP
A
- adenosine triphosphate
9
Q
What is ATP made of?
A
- Ribose (sugar)
- Adenine (nitrogenous base)
- 3 Phosphate groups
10
Q
Read
A
- Triphosphate group • 3 phosphate groups • W/ high energy state
- Adenosine :• Adenine and Ribose
11
Q
How can the phosphate groups in ATP be broken
A
- Through Hydrolysis
12
Q
What happens when the phosphate terminal bond is broken?
A
- Energy is released from ATP due to the chemical change to a state of lower free energy
13
Q
What are the 3 types of cellular work powered by the Hydrolysis of ATP?
A
- Chemical
- Mechanical
- Transport
14
Q
Describe chemical cellular work.
powered by hydrolysis of ATP
A
- ATP drives metabolic reactions that would not occur automatically
- E.g. ATP phosphorylates key proteins to activate or deactivate them
15
Q
Describe Mechanical cellular work.
powered by hydrolysis of ATP
A
- ATP hydrolysis leads to a change in protein shape and binding ability.
- E.g. ATP binds noncovalently to motor proteins and then in hydrolyzed to facilitate movement.
