Botany - Plant Anatomy Flashcards
What is a Plant? (L.E.M.P - D)
– Lives on land.
– Doesn’t move under its own power.
– Produces food and energy from sunlight (photosynthesis).
– multicellular.
– embryo develops inside the mother’s body.
Are plant cells prokaryote or eukaryotes, why?
EUKARYOTES
eukaryote cell’s DNA is enclosed in a nucleus
+ genetic material within eukaryotic chromosomes.
Organisms whose cells have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, e.g. plants and animals
Draw and label a plant cell.
draw
What are the 3 unique structures in a plant cell?
- CHLOROPLASTS - sites of photosynthesis.
- Large CENTRAL VACUOLE - has fluid which helps
maintain the cell’s firmness (turgor). - CELL WALL protects + surrounds the plasma membrane + made of cellulose)
What is the Endosymbiont theory?
Chloroplasts were O.G free-living photosynthetic bacteria that got swallowed by a primitive eukaryotic cell and developed a mutually beneficial
symbiotic relationship inside the cell.
What is osmotic pressure?
Is the pressure that develops in a system due to
osmosis.
What is osmosis?
- The diffusion of water across a semi permeable
membrane due to concentration differences. - Water moves from an area of higher solvent concentration (low solute) to an area of lower solvent concentration (higher solute).
What is Turgor Pressure? look at pics
The pressure of water pushing the plasma membrane against the cell wall of a plant cell.
what happens if there is more water concentration outside then inside the cell?
water is trying to diffuse into the cell, going down its concentration gradient.
What would happen to a cell if there is more water concentration outside then inside the cell?
This would cause an unprotected cell to swell up and burst. The cell wall acts as a rigid box to prevent the cell from bursting
What happens if a plant doesn’t get enough water?
plant w/ no water, the water supply in the central vacuole moves into the cytoplasm.
This causes the cell to shrink away from the cell wall. The plant wilts –cell loses shape. A plant in need of water may have drooping leaves, a consequence of decreased turgor.
Isotonic solution and draw?
In an Isotonic solution there is no net movement of water.
cell’s volume will remain stable.
Hypotonic solution and draw?
In Hypotonic solutions
- Vacuoles fill w/ water
- Turgor pressure develops,
- Chloroplasts are seen next to the cell wall.
Hypertonic solution and draw?
- Vacuoles lose water
- Cytoplasm shrinks (plasmolysis)
- Chloroplasts are seen in the center of the cell
What is the cell Wall composed of?
Cellulose
