Metabolism

Question 1

In what cycle does energy flow through the ecosystem?

Answer 1

Producer, consumer, decomposer

Question 2

What is the ultimate energy source?

Answer 2

The sun

Question 3

True or false, Energy can be created and destroyed

Answer 3

False

Question 4

How is energy lost in every transaction?

Answer 4

Through heat

Question 5

What is the definition of metabolism?

Answer 5

Set of chemical reactions that keep the animal alive

Question 6

What chemical reactions are part of metabolism, name 3.

Answer 6

Turning food to energy, turning food to building blocks, elimination of waste products

Question 7

What is energy needed for?

Answer 7

Growth, repair, maintenance

Question 8

What are the two types of chemical reactions?

Answer 8

Anabolism, catabolism

Question 9

What type of reaction is anabolism?

exothermic or endothermic

Answer 9

Endothermic -> needs energy

Question 10

What type of reaction is catabolism?

exothermic or endothermic

Answer 10

Exothermic -> releases energy

Question 11

Linking glucose units to form glycogen is an example of?

anabolism or catabolism

Answer 11

Anabolism

Question 12

Breakdown of glycogen for energy is an example of?

Anabolism or catabolism?

Answer 12

Catabolism

Question 13

What three nutrients are the main energy sources?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates, fat, protein

Question 14

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 14

Deriving energy from breaking down nutrients into water, CO2 and energy

Question 15

What is the reaction that releases energy?

Answer 15

Glucose + Oxygen = CO2 + water + energy

Question 16

What are the 6 types of nutrients?

Answer 16

water, carbohydrates, lipid, protein, minerals, vitamins

Question 17

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 18

What type of carbohydrate can be absorbed?

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

What happens to disaccharides so they can be absorbed?

Answer 19

They are hydrolyzed by enzymes, this cuts them into two, making it monosaccharides.

Question 20

What is glycogen and where is it stored?

Answer 20

Glycogen is the storage form of the left over glucose. iit gets stored in the liver and muscles

Question 21

Cellulose is a polysaccharide that can’t be hydrolyzed, where is it broken down?

Answer 21

In the caecum(horse) or rumen (cow/sheep) it is broken down through fermentation.

Question 22

Through fermentation cellulose gets broken down into volatile fatty acids, which three types?

Answer 22

Acetic-, propionic-, butyric acid

Question 23

Volatile fatty acids can be used for energy

True or false

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Which nutrient is the highest concentrated energy source?

Answer 24

Fat (lipid)

Question 25

Tri-glycerides are fat molecules, what are they build out of?

Answer 25

combi of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 26

What are the absorbable units of fat?

Answer 26

Monoglycerids and free fatty acids

Question 27

Where are triglycerides stored?

Answer 27

adipose(fat) tissue

Question 28

Name three main body tissues that are made out of protein

Answer 28

Muscle, skin, connective tissue

Question 29

Which processes do protein play a roll in?

Answer 29

defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, structural support.

Question 30

What is protein required for?

Answer 30

Growth, repair of tissue, making enzymes

Question 31

What can protein be used for?

Answer 31

Building block, energy source

Question 32

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 32

Control and speed up chemical reactions

Question 33

How are enzymes influenced by the environment?

Answer 33

Temperature, can inactivate or damage them

pH, they prefer a neutral pH

Question 34

What is the carrier of energy in the body?

Answer 34

ATP

Question 35

What are the 3 sources of ATP?

Answer 35

Glycogen stored in the muscle
Glucose stored in the blood
Fatty acids from the blood