Metabolism Flashcards
In what cycle does energy flow through the ecosystem?
Producer, consumer, decomposer
What is the ultimate energy source?
The sun
True or false, Energy can be created and destroyed
False
How is energy lost in every transaction?
Through heat
What is the definition of metabolism?
Set of chemical reactions that keep the animal alive
What chemical reactions are part of metabolism, name 3.
Turning food to energy, turning food to building blocks, elimination of waste products
What is energy needed for?
Growth, repair, maintenance
What are the two types of chemical reactions?
Anabolism, catabolism
What type of reaction is anabolism?
exothermic or endothermic
Endothermic -> needs energy
What type of reaction is catabolism?
exothermic or endothermic
Exothermic -> releases energy
Linking glucose units to form glycogen is an example of?
anabolism or catabolism
Anabolism
Breakdown of glycogen for energy is an example of?
Anabolism or catabolism?
Catabolism
What three nutrients are the main energy sources?
Carbohydrates, fat, protein
What is cellular respiration?
Deriving energy from breaking down nutrients into water, CO2 and energy
What is the reaction that releases energy?
Glucose + Oxygen = CO2 + water + energy
What are the 6 types of nutrients?
water, carbohydrates, lipid, protein, minerals, vitamins
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What type of carbohydrate can be absorbed?
Monosaccharides
What happens to disaccharides so they can be absorbed?
They are hydrolyzed by enzymes, this cuts them into two, making it monosaccharides.
What is glycogen and where is it stored?
Glycogen is the storage form of the left over glucose. iit gets stored in the liver and muscles
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that can’t be hydrolyzed, where is it broken down?
In the caecum(horse) or rumen (cow/sheep) it is broken down through fermentation.
Through fermentation cellulose gets broken down into volatile fatty acids, which three types?
Acetic-, propionic-, butyric acid
Volatile fatty acids can be used for energy
True or false
True
Which nutrient is the highest concentrated energy source?
Fat (lipid)
Tri-glycerides are fat molecules, what are they build out of?
combi of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What are the absorbable units of fat?
Monoglycerids and free fatty acids
Where are triglycerides stored?
adipose(fat) tissue
Name three main body tissues that are made out of protein
Muscle, skin, connective tissue
Which processes do protein play a roll in?
defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, structural support.
What is protein required for?
Growth, repair of tissue, making enzymes
What can protein be used for?
Building block, energy source
What is the function of enzymes?
Control and speed up chemical reactions
How are enzymes influenced by the environment?
Temperature, can inactivate or damage them
pH, they prefer a neutral pH
What is the carrier of energy in the body?
ATP
What are the 3 sources of ATP?
Glycogen stored in the muscle
Glucose stored in the blood
Fatty acids from the blood
