Digestive system Flashcards
What are the goals of the digestive system
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination
What route does food take throughout the body
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What accessory glands are part of the digestive system
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
What is the digestive process of carbohydrates
Polysaccharides get broken down into smaller polysaccharides in the mouth by amylase.
In the small intestine pancreatic amylase breaks the polysaccharides down into disaccharides. Disaccharides are hydrolyzed by enzymes in the small intestine, this makes it monosaccharides which can be absorbed
What is the digestive process of protein
Protein gets digested by pepsin in the stomach, which breaks it down into small polypeptides.
In the small intestine it gets further broken down by enzymes. Until there are amino-acids left which can be absorbed.
What is the digestive process of fat
In the small intestine, fat is digested by lipase, to glycerol, fatty acids and monoglycerides which can be absorbed
What are the functions of saliva?
Lubrication
Chemical digestion of polysaccharides (amylase)
What is the main function of the stomach
Protein digestion
The stomach produces gastric juice, what does that contain and what is it’s purpose
Hydrochloric acid (HCL) -> low pH (=2), kills bacteria, denatures protein Pepsin -> Breaksdown protein
What are the three parts of the small intestine and what are their function
Duodenum -> enzymatic digestion
Jejunum -> absorption
Ileum -> absorption
What does the pancreas produce?
Bicarbonate
Enzymes for digestion of protein, lipids and carbohydrates
What does the liver produce and what is its function
Bile -> digest fats
What are the three parts of the large intestine and what are their functions
Colon -> reabsorption of water
Cecum -> fermentation of plant material
Rectum -> Last storage of feaces
What are the four stomachs of the cow/ruminant
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
Nurients are transported by the blood, before going to the whole body it goes through the hepatic portlal vein to the liver, what happens there
It detoxifies blood
