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Animal Biology > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

Which organs are part of the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus, pineal body, pituitary/hypofysis, thyroid, parathyroid, heart, thymus, adrenal gland, kidney, pancreas, ovaries, testis

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2
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands

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3
Q

How do hormones only work on a designated spot/ exp; LH in the ovaries?

A

The hormones only bind to specific receptors

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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Dynamic Stable State that the body tries to maintain

The capacity to regulate the internal environment of a mammal so as to maintain a stable, constant condition

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of hormones

A

Peptides
Single amino acids
Steroid hormones
Prostaglandines

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6
Q

Which type of hormones are produced by the pituitary, thyroid gland, pancreas ad adrenal medulla

A

Peptides: amino acid chains

Single amino acids

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7
Q

Which type of hormones are produced by gonads and adrenal cortex

A

steroid hormones - resemble cholesterol

prostaglandines - synthesized from fatty acids

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8
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

Control centre of the autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

What is the function f the pituitary

A

It’s the ‘master’ endocrine system

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10
Q

What is the function of the anterior lobe and how is it linked to the hypothalamus

A

Produces hormones

Bloodvessels link it to the hypothalamus

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11
Q

What is the function of the posterior lobe and how is it linked to the hypothalamus

A

Stores hormones

Nerves link to thr hypothalamus

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12
Q

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland

A

FSH, LH, TSH, STH/GH, ACTH, Prolactin

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13
Q

Which hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH, Oxytocin

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14
Q

What is the target organ of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have

A

Ovary or testicle
Estrogen
Follicle growth or sperm production

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15
Q

What is the target organ of LH (luteinising hormone), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have

A

Ovary or testicle
Progesterone or testosterone
Ovulation/luteinisation or male development and behaviour

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16
Q

What is the target organ of TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have

A

Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormone
High metabolism

17
Q

What is the target organ of STH(somatotropin) or GH(growth hormone) and what effect does it have

A

Bone, muscle, kidney, liver, fat

Body growth and high metabolism

18
Q

What is the target organ of ACTH (adrenocorticotropin), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have

A

Adrenal gland
Cortisol
Long term stress response

19
Q

What is the target organ of Prolactin, and what effect does it have

A

Udder (mammary gland)

Milk production

20
Q

What is the target organ of ADH, and what effect does it have

A

Kidney

Retaining water

21
Q

What is the target organ of Oxytocin, and what effect does it have

A

Uterus, udder

Smooth muscle contraction: birth and placenta excretion and milk ejection

22
Q

Which hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Vasopressi/ADH, Oxytocin

23
Q

What hormone does the Pineal gland produce

A

Melatonin

24
Q

What aspect of the pineal gland influences melatonin production

A

It’s photoreceptive

25
Q

How is melatonin influenced by light.

A

High light intensity: gives low melatonin
High activity/energy
High or low fertility in seasonal breeders

26
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce and what is it’s function

A

Parathyroid hormone

Calcium decrease

27
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located

A

Beside the trachea

28
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located

A

In front of the kidney

29
Q

What two parts doe the adrenal gland have

A

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

30
Q

What hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone
cortisol
Androgens

31
Q

What hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla

A

Adrenalin

Noradrenalin

32
Q

Cortisol is a stress hormone, but what else does it do

A

Carbohydrate balance

  • Maintains high level of glucose
  • Maintains glycogen storage
  • Uses protein for this
33
Q

What kind of feedback mechanism does cortisol entain.

A

Negative feedback

34
Q

Where is the pancreas located

A

First bend of the duodenum

35
Q

The pancreas produces both hormones and digestive enzymes.

Which hormones and enzymes does it produce?

A

Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon
Enzymes: Lipase, Protease, Amylase

36
Q

Homeotasis makes sure the body temperature remains stable. It has short and long term solutions for it.
What are long term solutions

A

Metabolism
Coat
Fat

37
Q

What is the comfort zone

A

The balance between heat-

production and loss to maintain normal body temperature

38
Q

What is the thermoneutral zone

A

The zone between the lowest critical temperature and the upper critical temperature

Animal Biology (6 decks)

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