Endocrine system Flashcards
Which organs are part of the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus, pineal body, pituitary/hypofysis, thyroid, parathyroid, heart, thymus, adrenal gland, kidney, pancreas, ovaries, testis
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
How do hormones only work on a designated spot/ exp; LH in the ovaries?
The hormones only bind to specific receptors
What is homeostasis?
Dynamic Stable State that the body tries to maintain
The capacity to regulate the internal environment of a mammal so as to maintain a stable, constant condition
What are the 4 types of hormones
Peptides
Single amino acids
Steroid hormones
Prostaglandines
Which type of hormones are produced by the pituitary, thyroid gland, pancreas ad adrenal medulla
Peptides: amino acid chains
Single amino acids
Which type of hormones are produced by gonads and adrenal cortex
steroid hormones - resemble cholesterol
prostaglandines - synthesized from fatty acids
What is the function of the hypothalamus
Control centre of the autonomic nervous system
What is the function f the pituitary
It’s the ‘master’ endocrine system
What is the function of the anterior lobe and how is it linked to the hypothalamus
Produces hormones
Bloodvessels link it to the hypothalamus
What is the function of the posterior lobe and how is it linked to the hypothalamus
Stores hormones
Nerves link to thr hypothalamus
Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland
FSH, LH, TSH, STH/GH, ACTH, Prolactin
Which hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary gland
ADH, Oxytocin
What is the target organ of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have
Ovary or testicle
Estrogen
Follicle growth or sperm production
What is the target organ of LH (luteinising hormone), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have
Ovary or testicle
Progesterone or testosterone
Ovulation/luteinisation or male development and behaviour
What is the target organ of TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have
Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormone
High metabolism
What is the target organ of STH(somatotropin) or GH(growth hormone) and what effect does it have
Bone, muscle, kidney, liver, fat
Body growth and high metabolism
What is the target organ of ACTH (adrenocorticotropin), what hormone does that organ produce and what effect does it have
Adrenal gland
Cortisol
Long term stress response
What is the target organ of Prolactin, and what effect does it have
Udder (mammary gland)
Milk production
What is the target organ of ADH, and what effect does it have
Kidney
Retaining water
What is the target organ of Oxytocin, and what effect does it have
Uterus, udder
Smooth muscle contraction: birth and placenta excretion and milk ejection
Which hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary gland?
Vasopressi/ADH, Oxytocin
What hormone does the Pineal gland produce
Melatonin
What aspect of the pineal gland influences melatonin production
It’s photoreceptive
How is melatonin influenced by light.
High light intensity: gives low melatonin
High activity/energy
High or low fertility in seasonal breeders
What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce and what is it’s function
Parathyroid hormone
Calcium decrease
Where is the thyroid gland located
Beside the trachea
Where is the adrenal gland located
In front of the kidney
What two parts doe the adrenal gland have
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
What hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
cortisol
Androgens
What hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla
Adrenalin
Noradrenalin
Cortisol is a stress hormone, but what else does it do
Carbohydrate balance
- Maintains high level of glucose
- Maintains glycogen storage
- Uses protein for this
What kind of feedback mechanism does cortisol entain.
Negative feedback
Where is the pancreas located
First bend of the duodenum
The pancreas produces both hormones and digestive enzymes.
Which hormones and enzymes does it produce?
Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon
Enzymes: Lipase, Protease, Amylase
Homeotasis makes sure the body temperature remains stable. It has short and long term solutions for it.
What are long term solutions
Metabolism
Coat
Fat
What is the comfort zone
The balance between heat-
production and loss to maintain normal body temperature
What is the thermoneutral zone
The zone between the lowest critical temperature and the upper critical temperature
