Cell biology Flashcards
What is cytoplasm?
Platform upon which other organelles can operate
What is the cell membrane
Membrane enclosing the cell
What are the 2 functions of the cell membrane
Provide cell structure
Barrier between intracellular and extracellular fluid
What are the 3 functions of the nucleus.
Storing and copying DNA
Transferring information to ribosomes
Decide which proteins will be made
What is the function of the Nucleolus
Production of ribosomes
What are the ribosomes
Complex op RNA and proteins
What is the function of ribosomes
Formation of proteins by reading RNA
What is the function of the Golgi-complex
Factory in which proteins received from ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations
What are the 4 functions of the Endoplasmatic reticulum
Membrane synthesis
Protein synthesis and processing
Lipid synthesis
Calcium storage and release
What is the function of lysosomes
Hydrolyzing macromolecules
What is the function of the mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
Generate ATP
What are the 5 major functions of the cell
Provide structure and support Facilitate growth Produce energy Create metabolic reactions Reproduction
What are the key characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
No cell nucleus (DNA free in the cell)
Only unicellar
exp: Bacteria
What are the key characteristics of a eukaryotic cell
Membrane bound organelles
Can specialize
Usually multi-cellar
exp: Plants, Animals
What are the 4 types of tissue
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
Connective
What is the function of epithelial tissue
Covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.
What is the function of nervous tissue
Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.
What is the function of muscle tissue
Composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of body parts.
What is the function of connective tissue
Form a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole, store fat, transport substances, protect against disease, and help repair tissue damage
What is the level of organisation in a organism
cell-tissue-organ-organsystem-organism
What is homeostasis
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism or environment to maintain stability in spite of changes
The capacity to regulate the internal environment of a mammal so as to maintain a stable, constant condition
What are the 3 ways of cellular communication
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Cytokines ( defense system)
What are the functions of protein?
Building molecules Provide structure Making enzymes Copy DNA & RNA Sending and receiving messages
When is a compound organic
When it contains carbon (C)
What are the basic life processes
Take in material Release energy from food Release wastes Grow Respond to the environment Reproduce
What are the Nervous system and Endocrine system connected?
The Hypothalamus Pituitary Axis (HPA)
What are the characteristics of the nervous system
Fast working
Works through an electrical impulse
Lasts briefly
What are the characteristics of the endocrine system
Slow working
It works based on hormones
Long lasting
Cortisol in an example of a negative feedback loop wat does that mean?
The release of cortisol gives a negative feedback to the adrenal cortex, stopping the release of cortisol
