Metabolic reactions Flashcards
Glycogenesis
Synthesis of Glycogen from Glucose.
•Decreases BGL
•Insulin.
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of Glycogen to form Glucose.
•Increase BGL
•Glucagon & adrenaline.
Gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of Glucose from Glycerol, amino acids & lactic acid.
•Increase BGL
•Glucagon & Cortisol.
Lipolysis
The breakdown of Triglycerides into Glycerol & fatty acids.
*Increase BGL
*Adrenaline, Cortisol & thyroid hormone, GH.
Lipogenesis
Synthesis of lipids (triglycerides & fatty acids) from glucose (mainly) & amino acids.
*Decrease BGL
*Insulin
Define anabolism
process of constructing larger molecules from simpler ones
Define catabolism
process of breaking molecules into smaller ones
Where is glycogen stored
In skeletal muscle fibres & some liver cells
Name the two products resulting from lipolysis and their function
Glycerol: converted to pyruvic acid & enters krebs cycle to form ATP
fatty acid: converted to acetyl coenzyme (CoA) in liver & than enters krebs cycle to form ATP.
- excess CoA is converted to ketone bodies.
What are ketone bodies produced from and what increases their production
Occur from lipolysis
-During starvation
-Uncontrolled diabetes.
What homeostatic imbalance occurs from excess ketones and what are the symptoms
Metabolic acidosis:
Rapid breathing,
lethargy,
Fast HR,
headache,
Describe three uses for amino acid
Food breakdown,
growth & repair,
Building block of proteins.
What is one of the end products of amino acid catabolism
Urea
State what tests could be done to check for levels or Urea
Urinalysis,
Blood test
State what elevated levels of Urea indicate
Renal dysfunction
Define basal metabolic rate (BMR)
the metabolic rate measured under resting/fasting conditions.
State four factors that would increase BMR
Exercise,
Hormones,
Sympathetic NS,
High temp,
ingestion.
List five hormones that increase BMR
Thyroxine, insulin, GH, testosterone, catecholamines
