Hormones

Question 1

What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 1

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin & Growth hormone.

Question 2

function of FSH

Answer 2

Females: stimulates ovum growth in the ovary.
Regulates menstrual cycle.

Males: stimulates spermatogenesis.

Question 3

function of LH

Answer 3

Females: triggers ovulation, formation of corpus luteum & secretion of progesterone.
Males: Stimulates secretion of testosterone.

Question 4

function of ACTH
(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Answer 4

Stimulates the Adrenal cortex to produce Cortisol.

Question 5

function of TSH
(Thyroid stimulating hormone)

Answer 5

Stimulates Thyroid gland to produce Thyroxine.

Question 6

function of Prolactin

Answer 6

Stimulates milk production.

Question 7

function of Growth hormone

Answer 7

children & teen: increase bone and muscle growth.
Adult: maintains bone and muscle mass and promotes healing.
Enhances glycogenolysis & lipolysis - increases BGL

Question 8

What hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary?

Answer 8

ADH, Oxytocin.

Question 9

function of ADH
(Antidiuretic hormone)

Answer 9

Causes renal retention of water, decreased sweating and arteriole constriction (to maintain blood volume and pressure)

Question 10

function of Oxytocin

Answer 10

Females: Stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection.

Males: stimulates sperm movement during ejaculation via contractions.

Question 11

What hormone is secreted by the Pineal gland

Answer 11

Melatonin

Question 12

function of melatonin

Answer 12

contributes to setting the body clock & promotes tiredness.

Question 13

What hormones are secreted by the Thyroid gland?

Answer 13

Thyroxine & Calcitonin.

Question 14

function of Thyroxine

Answer 14

•Raises general metabolic rate which results in increased body temperature.
•Increases use of glucose & fatty acids for ATP production.
•Enhances the effect of adrenaline & noradrenaline.
•Aids with the development & growth of nervous and skeletal systems.

Question 15

function of Calcitonin

Answer 15

Lowers the level of calcium in the bloody by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts & promoting deposit of calcium in bone.
(Calcitonin it down)

Question 16

what hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid gland?

Answer 16

PTH
(parathyroid hormone)

Question 17

function of PTH

Answer 17

•Raises the level of calcium in the blood by stimulating osteoclasts.
•Enhance reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys.
•Activates vitamin D to become Calcitriol which is needed to absorb calcium.

Question 18

What hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex

Answer 18

Cortisol, Aldosterone

Question 19

function of Cortisol

Answer 19

•Helps the body cope with stress,
•depress the immune response - anti inflammatory,
•raise BGL & BP (via vasoconstriction)

Question 20

function of Aldosterone

Answer 20

increases the blood volume and BP by stimulating the renal tubules to increase Na+ and water reabsorption.

Question 21

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal Medulla

Answer 21

Adrenaline & Noradrenaline

Question 22

function of Adrenaline

Answer 22

•emergency hormone intensifies sympathetic nervous impulses as it:
-raises rate and force of heart contraction.
-Raises cardiac output
-Raises BP
-Raises blood flow
-Raises BGL
-Pupil dilation

Question 23

function of Noradrenaline

Answer 23

Causes vasoconstriction to increase BP

Question 24

what hormones are secreted by the Ovaries

Answer 24

Oestrogen & Progesterone

Question 25

function of Oestrogen

Answer 25

Stimulates the development & maintenance of female sexual characteristics & helps regulate the menstrual cycle.

Question 26

function of Progesterone

Answer 26

Helps regulate the menstrual cycle. Maintains pregnancy.!

Question 27

what hormone is secreted by the Testes

Answer 27

Testosterone.

Question 28

function of Testosterone

Answer 28

•Stimulate development & growth of male secondary sexual characteristics. •Works to maintain development and function of sex organs. •Stimulate production of sperm.

Question 29

What hormones are secreted by the Pancreas

Answer 29

Insulin & Glucagon

Question 30

function of Insulin

Answer 30

increases the movement of glucose from the blood to cells. •lowers BGL

Question 31

function of Glucagon

Answer 31

Raises BGL by causing the liver to break down glycogen (glycogenolysis) to form glucose & by stimulating gluconeogenesis.

Question 32

Name the two hormones that control blood calcium levels

Answer 32

PTH & Calcitonin

Question 33

State two effects of Calcitriol

Answer 33

Increases absorption of Calcium and phosphorus, Enhance the effect of PTH.

Question 34

Which two hormones specifically regulate BGL

Answer 34

Insulin & Glucagon

Question 35

Name three other hormones that raise BGL

Answer 35

Adrenaline, GH, cortisol.