Metabolic Pathways

Question 1

oxidation

Answer 1

loss e-

Question 2

reduction

Answer 2

gain e-

Question 3

decarboxylation

Answer 3

loose co2

Question 4

role of NAD and NADP

Answer 4

both can be reduced to NADH NADPH by picking up 2 high energy e- and proton

Question 5

glycolysis (energy investment and generation stage)

Answer 5

10 reactions
investment = 1-3 atp hydrolysis (ATP - ADP by PFK)
generation = 7 & 10 = substrate level phosphorylation, NAD reduced = ADP - ATP

Question 6

stages 6 and 7 of glycolysis are …

Answer 6

coupled
6 = aldehyde binds to enzyme and causes oxidation, NAD accepts e- = NADH, enzyme displaced by Pi = high energy sugar
7 = ADP catalyst by enzyme forming ATP

(oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid releases energy and captured in ATP and NADH

Question 7

where does lactate come from

Answer 7

no o2 = NADH oxidised and pyruvate reduced forming lactate so NAD can form and be reused

Question 8

link reaction

Answer 8

pyruvate moves into mitochondria and decarboxylated = acetyl co A (dehydrogenase)

Question 9

beta oxidation

Answer 9

FA’s converted to fatty acetyl co a
enters beta oxidation = 4 rections
reduces no, of carbons by 2
produces acetyl co a, 1 nadh, 1 fadh2 per cycle

Question 10

kerbs / tca cycle

Answer 10

cycle of 8 reactions to reform oxalocetate from citrate
acetyl co a - 4c oxaloacetate - 6c tricarboxylic acid (citric acid)
3xnadh
1xfadh2
1xgtp