Coupled Reactions Flashcards
thermodynamics
principles that apply to all physical and biological processes and govern conditions
1st law of thermodynamics
total energy in system and surroundings is constant
2nd law of thermodynamics
total energy of a system and surroundings always increases
3rd law of thermodynamics
entropy of system approaches a constant value when temp at absolute 0
entropy
level of disorder (very disordered = high entropy, always goes from order to disorder)
enthalpy
heat storage capacity of a system
enthalpy equation
H=E+PV (energy + pressure x volume)
heat released or absorbed by a system at constant volume is equal to …
total internal energy
exothermic
releases heat energy
endothermic
absorbs energy
what does Gibbs free energy tell us
if a process will occur on its own (will reactants turn to products)
Gibbs free energy equation
delta G = delta H - T delta S (how much available energy to do the work)
if delta G is < 0…
its a spontaneous process
if delta G is > 0 …
not a spontaneous process
if enthalpy is exothermic and entropy is disordered …
delta H <0
delta S >0
-delta G
spontaneous
exergonic
energetically favourable
loose available energy (more in reactants)
if enthalpy is exothermic and entropy is ordered …
spontaneous at low temp
eg water - ice
if enthalpy is endothermic and entropy is disordered …
spontaneous at high temp
eg ice - water
if enthalpy is endothermic and entropy is ordered …
delta H >0
delta S <0
+delta G
not spontaneous
endergonic
energetically unfavourable
gain available energy (products have more)
5 rules of delta G (Gibbs free energy)
- spontaneous is <0
- not spontaneous if >0
- 0=equilibrium
- depends on free energy of reactants and products and independent of path it takes
- no info of ration reaction
if delta G >0 what is require of a reaction to occur
coupled reaction (energy inout required)
energetically unfavourable paired with favourable so sum of reactions if favourable (<0)
activated carriers
take some lost energy and store it as transferable chemical groups or electrons to bet use din unfavourable reactions eg ATP
what are anabolic unfavourable reactions coupled with
ATP hydrolysis
how’s energy obtained
oxidation of organic molecules
stored in covalent bonds
