Coupled Reactions

Question 1

thermodynamics

Answer 1

principles that apply to all physical and biological processes and govern conditions

Question 2

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

total energy in system and surroundings is constant

Question 3

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

total energy of a system and surroundings always increases

Question 4

3rd law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

entropy of system approaches a constant value when temp at absolute 0

Question 5

entropy

Answer 5

level of disorder (very disordered = high entropy, always goes from order to disorder)

Question 6

enthalpy

Answer 6

heat storage capacity of a system

Question 7

enthalpy equation

Answer 7

H=E+PV (energy + pressure x volume)

Question 8

heat released or absorbed by a system at constant volume is equal to …

Answer 8

total internal energy

Question 9

exothermic

Answer 9

releases heat energy

Question 10

endothermic

Answer 10

absorbs energy

Question 11

what does Gibbs free energy tell us

Answer 11

if a process will occur on its own (will reactants turn to products)

Question 12

Gibbs free energy equation

Answer 12

delta G = delta H - T delta S (how much available energy to do the work)

Question 13

if delta G is < 0…

Answer 13

its a spontaneous process

Question 14

if delta G is > 0 …

Answer 14

not a spontaneous process

Question 15

if enthalpy is exothermic and entropy is disordered …

Answer 15

delta H <0
delta S >0
-delta G
spontaneous
exergonic
energetically favourable
loose available energy (more in reactants)

Question 16

if enthalpy is exothermic and entropy is ordered …

Answer 16

spontaneous at low temp
eg water - ice

Question 17

if enthalpy is endothermic and entropy is disordered …

Answer 17

spontaneous at high temp
eg ice - water

Question 18

if enthalpy is endothermic and entropy is ordered …

Answer 18

delta H >0
delta S <0
+delta G
not spontaneous
endergonic
energetically unfavourable
gain available energy (products have more)

Question 19

5 rules of delta G (Gibbs free energy)

Answer 19

1. spontaneous is <0
2. not spontaneous if >0
3. 0=equilibrium
4. depends on free energy of reactants and products and independent of path it takes
5. no info of ration reaction

Question 20

if delta G >0 what is require of a reaction to occur

Answer 20

coupled reaction (energy inout required)
energetically unfavourable paired with favourable so sum of reactions if favourable (<0)

Question 21

activated carriers

Answer 21

take some lost energy and store it as transferable chemical groups or electrons to bet use din unfavourable reactions eg ATP

Question 22

what are anabolic unfavourable reactions coupled with

Answer 22

ATP hydrolysis

Question 23

how’s energy obtained

Answer 23

oxidation of organic molecules
stored in covalent bonds