Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DMST ABD 3 > Metabolic Disease: Liver > Flashcards

Metabolic Disease: Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of process is hepatocellular disease?

A

Diffuse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hepatocellular disease is a dysfunction of what?

A

Hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

With hepatocellular disease normal liver is replaced with what?

A

Fat or fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

With hepatocelluar disease, simple fatty changes to what?

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hepatocellular disease impacts LFT how? And how does it affect the liver? 2

A
  1. Abnormal LFTs
  2. Often affects liver size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is fatty infiltration (Steatosis) uniform?

A

Not always, it can be diffuse or focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is fatty infiltration (steatosis) obtained? And is it reversible?

A
  1. Acquired
  2. Reversible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does someone get fatty infiltration (steatosis)?

A

Alcohol abuse and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fatty infiltration (steatosis) is the precursor to what?

A

Chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do we look for when evaluating for fatty infiltration? 4

A
  1. Echogenicity changes
  2. Echo texture changes
  3. Attenuation characteristics
  4. Ability to visualize vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of fatty infiltrates? 3

A
  1. Liver difficult to penetrate
  2. Paucity of vessels
  3. Echogenicity change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is mild (grade 1) fatty infiltration? 2

A
  1. Slight increase in liver echogenicity
  2. Diaphragm and vessels clearly defined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Moderate (grade 2) fatty infiltrates? 2

A
  1. Increased in liver echogenicity
  2. Vessels and diaphragm not sharply defined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is severe (grade 3) fatty infiltrates? 2

A
  1. Liver echogenicity increased markedly
  2. Extremely difficult to define diaphragm and vessel walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are focal fatty changes in the liver in terms of Infiltration?

A

Focal areas of increased echogenicity (fatty deposits) within mostly normal liver parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is focal fatty changes in the liver in terms of sparing?

A

Focal hypoechoic areas (normal liver tissue) within a mostly fatty liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Focal fatty changes both commonly involve what areas of the liver?

A

Periportal areas of medial LL and GB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does focal fatty changes affect mass?

A

No mass effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the rate of change for focal fatty changes?

A

Can rapidly change with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Focal fatty changes has what type of boundaries?

A

Map like boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

A diffuse process that destroys the liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does cirrhosis results in?

A

Fibrosis with nodular changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cirrhosis is commonly secondary to what?

A

Alcohol abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some causes of cirrhosis other than alcohol abuse? 2

A
  1. Chronic viral hepatitis
  2. Primary scleroising cholangitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the progressive changes with cirrhosis?

A

Cell death > Fibrosis > regeneration

26
Q

Is cirrhosis reversible?

A

No its irreversible

27
Q

What are lab values with fatty infiltration? 3

A
  1. ALT
  2. AST
  3. Possible GGT
28
Q

Acute cirrhosis appears as what?

A

Severe fatty infiltration

29
Q

The lab values of Cirrhosis depend on what?

A

Stage of disease

30
Q

What are some lab values that are increased with Cirrhosis? 5

A
  1. AST
  2. ALT
  3. LDH
  4. Bilirubin (conjugated)
  5. Gamma globulin
31
Q

What lab values are decreased with cirrhosis?

A

Serum albumin

32
Q

What are clinical presentations of cirrhosis? 6

A
  1. Hepatomegaly
  2. Jaundice
  3. Ascites
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Feeling of fullness
  6. Weight loss
33
Q

Cirrhosis leads to what eventually?

A

Portal hypertension and liver failure

34
Q

What is Glycogen storage disease?

A

Autosomal recessive disorder which causes excess glycogen deposits in hepatocytes

35
Q

What is an example of glycogen storage disease?

A

Von Gierke’s disease

36
Q

When does Glycogen storage disease begin?

A

Neonatally

37
Q

How does benign adenomas and HCC appear in Glycogen storage disease?

A

Benign adenomas and HCC can be secondary

38
Q

What is the GSD sonographic appearance? 2

A
  1. Diffuse fatty infiltration
  2. Adenomas - solid masses with variable echogenicity
39
Q

What is diffuse fatty infiltration look like for GSD?

A

Indistinguishable from other causes of diffuse focal fatty disease

40
Q

Von Gierkes disease is a deficiency of what?

A

G6P enzymes

41
Q

What are ascites?

A

Free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity

42
Q

What does transudate contain?

A

Little protein/cells

43
Q

What does transudate suggest? 2

A

Non inflammatory process in terms of
1. Cirrhosis
2. Congestive heart failure

44
Q

What does this image demonstrate?

A

Ascites in the bowel

45
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Glucose storage disease

46
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Chronic Cirrhosis, you can tell by the

  1. Small liver
  2. CL/RL >0.65
  3. Coarse echo texture
  4. Nodular surface
  5. Paucity of vessels
47
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Acute cirrhosis, you can tell by the
1. Enlarged liver
2. Textural changes

48
Q

What does these images represent?

A
  1. Fatty infiltration on the left
  2. Fatty sparing on the right
49
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Severe (Grade 3) fatty infiltration

  1. Liver echogenicity increased
  2. Extremely difficult to define diaphragm and vessel walls
50
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Moderate (grade 2) Fatty infiltrate

  1. Increase in Liver echogenicity
  2. Vessels and diaphragm not sharply defined
51
Q

What does this image represent?

A

Mild (grade 1) fatty infiltrate

52
Q

What does transudate look like sonographically?

A

Anechoic

53
Q

What does exudate consist of? 2

A
  1. High protein content
  2. Blood, pus, chylous
54
Q

What does exudate ascites causes?

A

Inflammation or malignant causes

55
Q

What does exudate ascites look like sonographically? 3

A
  1. Internal echoes
  2. Echogenic
  3. Loculations
56
Q

Free fluid changes with what?

A

Patient position

57
Q

Free fluid conforms to what?

A

Surrounding organs

58
Q

Free fluid has acute anlges with what?

A

Organ contact

59
Q

Does Lobulated fluid change with movement?

A

No

60
Q

What are the margins for Loculated fluid?

A

Rounded margins

61
Q

Loculated fluid has what kind of effect?

A

Mass effect

62
Q

What is the most dependent spaces in the abdomen? 3

A
  1. Morison’s pouch (RT lobe and RT kidney)
  2. Paracolic gutters
  3. Pouch of Douglas

DMST ABD 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions