Metabolic and Oncology Flashcards
What electrolyte abnormality can heparin cause?
Enoxaparin
Which causes of hyperlipidaemia give a hypercholesterolaemia rather than a hypertriglyceridaemia?
Nephrotic syndrome
The gene encoding what structure is mutated in familial hypercholesterolaemia?
LDL receptor
What are the causes of hypertension with low potassium?
Conn’s
Cushings
RAS
What is the maximum rate of infusion of IV potassium?
10mmol/hr
What ECG changes are associated with hypocalcaemia?
QT prolongation
AF
Which diuretics might cause hypokalaemia?
Indapamide (thiazides)
What might cause hypophosphataemia?
EtOH excess Acute liver failure DKA Refeeding syndrome Primary hyperparathyroidism Osteomalacia
CEA tumour marker?
Colorectal
Ca 19-9 tumour marker?
Pancreatic
Ca 15-3 tumour marker?
Breast
AFP tumour marker?
HCC, teratoma
What two other cancers are BRCA mutations associated with?
Ovarian
Prostate
What are the Amsterdam criteria?
Risk of Lynch syndrome
3>= f members with confirmed disease
2 generations affected
1 or more under age of 50
What is Gardener’s syndrome?
FAP
Skull osteoma, thyroid cancer, demoed tumours
Dex or Mannitol?
Dex
What is Pemberton’s sign and what does it indicate?
Ask the patient to raise their arms till touching their face. IF they develop central cyanosis or worsened SoB it is positive -> indicating SVC obstruction
What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
TCC
What is the side effect of Bleomycin?
Lung fibrosis
What is the side effect of Doxorubicin?
Cardiomyopathy
What is the side effect of Herceptin/Trastuzumab?
Cardiomyopathy
What are the side effects of methotrexate?
Myelosuppression
Mucosistis
Fibrosis of lung and liver
What are the side effects of platinum based chemo drugs?
Ototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypomagnesaemia
What are the side effects of vincristine?
Peripheral neuropathy
Paralytic ileus
What is the earliest sign of spinal cord compression?
Back pain
Which three cancers most frequently metastasise to the bone?
Prostate
Breast
Lung
Which class of antiemetics are useful in chemo patients?
5HT3 antagonists e.g. ondansetron
What are the causes of SVC obstruction?
Lung cancer most common Other cancers Aortic aneurysm Mediastinal fibrosis Goitre SVC thrombosis
What single drug is important to give in SVC obstruction?
Dexamethasone
Which lung cancer is most strongly associated with smoking?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Calcitonin tumour marker?
Medullary thyroid cancer
What can be bed to suppress N/V in intracranial tumours?
Dex
