MET Observations Flashcards
What is the difference between an experiment and an observation?
In experiments, the researcher manipulates IV, meaures the effect on DV and controls EVs - this ensures the only reason for change in the DV is the IV
In observations, there is not manipulation of IV - cannot draw conclusions about the causes of behaviour
How can a controlled observation resemble an experiment?
Often involve an elaborate set-up situation and take place under controlled conditions in a laboratory.
What are the features of a naturalistic observation?
Takes place where behaviour normally occurs
Less control
More ecological validity
What are the features of a controlled observation?
Takes place in a set-up situation, often lab-like
More control
Less ecological validity
What are the features of an overt observation?
Participant aware they are being observed for purpose of research
More demand characteristics
More ethical
What are the features of covert observations?
Participant unaware they are being observed
Researcher is often hidden
Fewer demand characteristics
Less ethical
What are the features of participant observations?
Researcher becomes part of the group being observed
Less objective
Less common
What are the features of non-participant observations?
Researcher is not part of the group being observed
More objective
More common
Why do observations have reduced validity?
No IV manipulation - so can observe what but not why behaviour happens - weaker internal validity than experiments
What is the risk when gathering data in a naturalistic observation?
If there is no intervention, behaviours may not occur so there will be no data to gather.
What is the ethical problem with covert observations?
No informed consent can be obtained before the observation
Why are covert participant observations done?
In order to gain access to and see things that would be impossible to see any other way
