MESSENGER LIPIDS: STEROID HORMONES and EICOSANOIDS Flashcards
A ___________ is a biochemical substance,
produced by a ductless gland, that has a
messenger function. ___________ serve as a
means of communication between various
tissues.
hormone
There are two major classes of steroid hormones:
(1) sex hormones,
which control reproduction and secondary sex
characteristics
(2) adrenocorticoid hormones,
which regulate numerous biochemical processes in the body
The sex hormones can be classified into three major groups:
- Estrogens—the female sex hormones
- Androgens—the male sex hormones
- Progestins—the pregnancy hormones
__________ are synthesized in the ovaries and adrenal cortex and are responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics at the onset of puberty and for regulation of the menstrual cycle. They also stimulate the development of the mammary
glands during pregnancy and induce estrus (heat) in animals.
Estrogens
___________ are synthesized in the testes and adrenal cortex and promote the development of male secondary sex characteristics. They also promote muscle growth.
Androgens
____________ are synthesized in the ovaries and
the placenta and prepare the lining of the
uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum.
They also suppress ovulation.
Progestins
The best known types of synthetic steroids are ___________ and _______________.
a. oral contraceptives
b. anabolic steroids
_____________ is a hormone your pituitary gland releases that plays a large role in how your body responds to stress. The release of ACTH triggers your adrenal glands to produce cortisol, the “stress hormone.”
Adrenocorticoid Hormones
small organs located on top of each kidney, at least 28 different hormones have been isolated from the adrenal cortex
adrenal glands
There are two types of adrenocorticoid hormones.
a. Mineralocorticoids
b. Glucocorticoids
_________________ control the balance of Na1 and K1 ions in cells and body fluids.
Mineralocorticoids
The major mineralocorticoid is ____________,
and the major glucocorticoid is ___________.
a. aldosterone
b. cortisol
____________ control glucose metabolism and counteract inflammation.
Glucocorticoids
__________ is the hormone synthesized in the largest amount by the adrenal glands. ________ and its synthetic
ketone derivative cortisone exert powerful anti-inflammatory effects in the body.
Cortisol
An ___________ is an oxygenated C20 fatty acid derivative that functions as a messenger lipid.
eicosanoid