CLASSIFICATIONS, ENERGY-STORAGE LIPIDS: TRIACYLGLYCEROLS (+ Fats and Oils) Flashcards

1
Q

Two common methods exist for sub-classifying lipids into families for the purpose of study.

A

a. biochemical function of a lipid as the basis for classification
b. based on whether or not a
lipid can be broken down into smaller units through basic hydrolysis

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2
Q

A hydrolysis reaction that occurs in basic solution is called a _________.

A

saponification reaction

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3
Q

BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION, LIPIDS ARE DIVIDED INTO FIVE CATEGORIES

A

Energy-storage lipids (triacylglycerols)
Membrane lipids (phospholipids,
sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol)
Emulsification lipids (bile acids)
Messenger lipids (steroid hormones and
eicosanoids)
Protective-coating lipids (biological
waxes)

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4
Q

BASED UPON WHETHER OR NOT SAPONIFICATION
OCCURS WHEN A LIPID IS PLACED IN BASIC AQUEOUS SOLUTION, LIPIDS ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES:

A

a. Hydrolyzable/Saponifiable lipids
b. Nonhydrolyzable lipids

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5
Q

The most widespread energy-storage material within cells is the

A

carbohydrate glycogen

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6
Q

Lipids known as __________ also function within the body as energy-storage materials.

A

triacylglycerols

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7
Q

Rather than being widespread, triacylglycerols
are concentrated primarily in special cells (___________) that are nearly filled with the
material.

A

adipocytes

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8
Q

Adipose tissue containing these cells is found in various parts of the body:

A

under the skin, in the abdominal cavity, in the mammary glands, and around various organs.

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9
Q

Triacylglycerols are __________; three ester functional groups are present.

A

triesters

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10
Q

_________ are the carboxylic acids involved in
triacylglycerol formation.

A

Fatty acids

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11
Q

_____ are naturally occurring mixtures of triacylglycerol molecules in which many
different kinds of triacylglycerol molecules are
present.

A

fats and oils

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12
Q

A ____ is a triacylglycerol mixture that is a solid or a semisolid at room temperature (25 °C). Generally, these are obtained from animal sources.

A

fat

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13
Q

An ____ is a triacylglycerol mixture that is a liquid at room temperature (25 °C). Generally, these are obtained from plant sources.

A

oil

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14
Q

Fats are composed largely of triacylglycerols in which __________ fatty acids predominate.

A

saturated

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15
Q

Oils contain triacylglycerols with larger amounts of
____________________ fatty acids than those in fats.

A

mono- and polyunsaturated

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16
Q

_____________ fats, which are liquid at room temperature, are considered beneficial fats because they can improve blood cholesterol levels, ease inflammation, stabilize heart rhythms, and play a number of other beneficial roles.

A

unsaturated

17
Q

One of the best oils for heart health, _________ has less saturated fat than any other oil.

A

canola oil