Mental retardation - ID

Question 1

What is intellectual disability?

Answer 1

A neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood and is characterized by limitations in both intelligence and adaptive skills

Question 2

What does ID affect?

Answer 2

At least one of three adaptive domains

• conceptual
• social
• practical

Question 3

Diagnosis

Answer 3

Both of the following requires limitation and developmental onset before 18 yrs of age

• adaptive functioning
• intellectual functioning

Question 4

Adaptive functioning

Answer 4

Limitations which affect participation in multiple settings, such as home, community, school.
Adaptive impairments cary in severity and affects at least one of three domains:
- conceptual: language,reading, writing, money, time, reasoning, memory, judgment in novel sitations
- social: communication, empathy, social problem - solving, responsibility, self - esteem
- practical: eating, dressing, mobility, toileting, following a schedule or routine, preparing meals

Question 5

Intellectual functioning

Answer 5

Limitations in general mental capacity or intelligence (learning, reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, judgement)
Corresponds generally til intelligence quotient that is two standard deviation below the mean = IQ < 70

Question 6

Developmental and behavioral screening

Answer 6

At 9-month, 18-month, 24- or 30-month visit

Question 7

Medical and physical conditions commonly associated with ID include

Answer 7

Cerebral palsy 
Congenital heart disease (AV defect in Down syndrome)
Constipation 
Endocrine abnormalities (hypothyroidism, short stature)
GERD
Hearing loss
Lead poisoning 
Obesity

Question 8

Clinical features

Answer 8

Language delay, immature behavior/self - help skills, learning difficulties, do not reach milestones

Question 9

IQ scores

Answer 9

Mild: 50-70
Moderate: 35-40
Severe: 20-25
Profound: <20