Mental Health/Mental Illness Flashcards
WHO definition Mental Health (4)
“A State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the everyday stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and contribute to his or her community”
VicHealth Definition of Mental Health (4)
“The Embodiment of social, emotional and spiritual well-being. It provides individuals with the vitality necessary for active living, to achieve goals and to interact with one another in ways that are respectful and just”
Mental Illness (5)
“A clinically significant psychological, or behavioural syndrome or pattern, that occurs in a person, and is associated with present distress (e.g. painful symptom) or disability (impairment in one or more areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability or an important loss of freedom”
Prevention
- Universal
- Selected
- Indicated
Universal Prevention is aimed at the general population, without regard to individual risk
Selected Prevention is aimed at a group that is at more high risk for mental illness
Indicated Prevention is aimed at individuals that have already demonstrated signs of mental illness or underlying mental health problem
MI Stats
WHO Distribution of death by Leading Cause (2004): 3rd highest leading cause of burden of disease. Estimated to be the highest by 2030
Leading Causes of YLD (Years lived with disability)
Low and Middle income Countries
- Unipolar Depressive Disorder
- Alcohol Use
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar
High Income Countries
- Unipolar Depressive Disorder
- Alcohol Use
- Alzheimer’s and other Dementias
- Drug Use disorders
How are Mental Illnesses associated with risk factors for Chronic disease?
Using Substances to modulate emotional state e.g. Tobacco
Reduced activity, poor diet, Obesity and Hypertension
Depression has various biological affects on the body. Name 4
- Serotonin Metabolism- affects body to heal itself
- Cortisol Metabolism- Increased risk CVD and stroke
- Inflammatory Responses- CVD
- Cell Mediated Immunity- reduced immune response, faster progression of cancers, HIV and vulnerability to other infectious diseases
Name the 5 disease processes that directly affect the brain…
… and 5 Consequences
- Infections- HIV, Cerebral Malaria, TB
- Cerebrovascular diseases- cortical strokes, progressive subcortical damage
- Diabetes
- Alcohol and Substance Use
- Neurodevelopment Disorders
- Cognitive Impairment
- Behaviour Disturbance
- Mood Disorders
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
Behavioural/Cognitive Perspectives: Key Concepts
Classical Conditioning:
If a neutral stimulus (e.g. tone) is paired with a non-neutral stimulus (e.g. food), the organism will eventually respond to the neutral stimulus the way it does to the non-neutral stimulus.
Operant Conditioning
The likelihood of a behaviour occurring can be altered by using external contingencies
Contingency
The perceived association between action and consequence:
Reinforcement: Positive (give something) negative (take away something adverse)
Punishment: Deliver a punishment (positive) or take away something positive (negative)
What are the 3 Goals of Behavioural Therapy?
- Create new conditions for learning if we can control contingencies
- Eliminate maladaptive Behaviour and help the client replace it with a more adaptive behaviour
- Apply scientific Knowledge to help client accomplish agreed upon goals
Therapist’s Role
- Show client their irrational shoulds, oughts and musts
- Show client how they keep feeding their emotional disturbance
- Help client modify thinking and abandon irrational ideas
- Challenge client to develop a rational philosophy of life
Techniques and Procedures
Token Economies
Punishment
Relaxation Training (help with coping with stress and anxiety)
Systematic Desensitisation- based on classical conditioning, paired with relaxing stimuli to demote anxiety based behaviour/ avoidance reactions
