Mental Health Disorders Flashcards
how many children in Canada who need to access mental health services are able to?
1 in 5
How does Canada’s youth suicide rate rank amongst industrialized nations?
3rd
what disorder is sometimes referred to as youth’s greatest disabler?
schizophrenia
what age range does schizophrenia most often onset at?
16-30 years
what is the rate of schizophrenia in Canada?
1 in 100 people
what can decrease the age of onset for schizophrenia?
family history
marijuana use
why does early onset of high-risk behaviors or experiencing mental health issues affect development?
it makes it more likely an individual does not complete school
takes them out of normal socialization with peers
what is the most commonly diagnosed type of psychiatric condition in the pediatric population?
anxiety disorders
what is generalized anxiety disorder
- excessive worry not linked to any one event or situation
- extended and excessive period of worry, the degree of anxiety and fear is out of proportion with reality of situation
- unrealistic concerns over past behavior, future events, competence
- social phobia, selective mutism, or obsessive compulsive disorder may be present
what is the pathophysiology of generalized anxiety disorder?
- disrupted modulation of the CNS
- underactive serotonin
- overactive noradrenergic system
- genetic and learned behavior components possible
what can cause underactive serotonin?
- lack of production
- lack of receptor sites
- combination of the above
what type of pharmacological management is used for generalized anxiety disorder?
- antiolytics
- antidepressents
- SSRI (not used if depression is present as they have a major side effect of suicidal ideation)
what psychological interventions are used for generalized anxiety disorder?
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- psychotherapy
- behavioral techniques like relaxation
what may be symptoms of anxiety in a pediatric patient?
- headaches
- stomach aches
- hair pulling or twisting
- nail biting
- blisters from sucking (like soft nail or actual blister on finger)
- finger rubbing
- self-harm
what is a nurse’s role in helping someone with generalized anxiety disorder?
- identify and refer
- support therapy
- provide emotional support
- decrease parental anxiety by modeling and providing feedback
- provide family support
how prevalent is heavy drinking among youth compared to adults?
3x more common
what Canadian demographic is at higher risk and why?
indigenous youth because of residential school history
what danger does social media present to a young person?
- when learning how to modulate emotions, constant external stimuli can damage ability to self regulate
- can cause constant evaluation of self by others (and by self)
- increases stress
what is the average age of first alcohol use in Saskatchewan?
11
what is the average age of first marijuana use in Saskatchewan?
12.2
considering Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what stage do most youth start using substances because of?
love and belonging
considering Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what stage are things at as dependency develops and/or if you have anxiety, a bit of trauma, etc?
safety
once addiction is full blown, what level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is being met?
physiological - same as food and shelter
what are some risk factors for addiction?
- genetics
- attachment problems
- parental substance abuse
- concurrent mental health disorder
- peers who use
what may be seen in youth coming in to ER with substances on board?
- erratic behavior (stimulants more agitating, alcohol enhances erratic behavior)
- anger
- sleepiness
what is passing out?
- when someone becomes unconscious after consuming alcohol
- a sign of alcohol poisoning
- risk of blood alcohol level becoming even higher during this state depending on amount consumed in a given time
what are signs of alcohol poisoning?
- mental confusion
- stupor
- coma
- not able to be roused
- vomiting
- seizures
- decreased or irregular respirations
- hypothermia
- cyanosis
- paleness
why should someone who has “passed out” be turned on their side?
to reduce risk of aspiration of vomiting
what is “blacking out”
- memory impairment due to acute intoxication
- usually occurs after drinking a large amount of alcohol quickly
- interferes with transfer of memory from short to long term
- significant warning sign of alcohol use disorder as they show physical tolerance has increased, but brain can not handle amount
what are risks associated with underage drinking?
- Acute alcohol poisoning, which can be fatal, physical harm,
- The environment: motor vehicle or other crashes, trauma, sexual assault, relationship problems, disrupted education and social development, unplanned sex &/or pregnancy, decrease level of physical ability (Butt, Peter, 2011).
- Alcohol Dependence
- Interruption of emotional development
what two major neurochemicals do drugs affect
serotonin and dopamine
while food causes slight increase, and sex slightly more - substances do it much more so
what are the four questions to ask oneself?
- is what you are thinking true
- is what you’re thinking really true?
- how are you feeling or acting because of how you are thinking?
- how would i feel or act if I thought differently
what types of cancers are associated with long-term consumption of alcohol?
mouth pharynx larynx esophagus liver breast colon rectum
what substance is most commonly used daily by adolescents?
marijuana
about 5-6% of seniors in high school
early initiation of alcohol or drug use increases the risk of…
later substance use disorder
more rapid progression of dependance
if less than 15 years of age, 4x the risk of SUD
what is the DSM 5 criteria for substance use disorder
Larger amounts - Trying to cut down Recovering from use. Craving Causing Problems Quitting activities Dangerous use Continue in spite of life problems Withdrawal Tolerance dishonesty
what substance when used weekly or more frequently doubles an adolescent’s risk of depression and anxiety?
marijuana
cannabis use in adolescence has been shown to be an independent risk factor for developing what mental health disorder in young adulthood?
psychosis/schizophrenia
2-3 fold increase in risk
