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Nursing Obstetrics & Pediatrics > Mental Health Disorders > Flashcards

Mental Health Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

how many children in Canada who need to access mental health services are able to?

A

1 in 5

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2
Q

How does Canada’s youth suicide rate rank amongst industrialized nations?

A

3rd

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3
Q

what disorder is sometimes referred to as youth’s greatest disabler?

A

schizophrenia

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4
Q

what age range does schizophrenia most often onset at?

A

16-30 years

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5
Q

what is the rate of schizophrenia in Canada?

A

1 in 100 people

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6
Q

what can decrease the age of onset for schizophrenia?

A

family history

marijuana use

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7
Q

why does early onset of high-risk behaviors or experiencing mental health issues affect development?

A

it makes it more likely an individual does not complete school

takes them out of normal socialization with peers

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8
Q

what is the most commonly diagnosed type of psychiatric condition in the pediatric population?

A

anxiety disorders

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9
Q

what is generalized anxiety disorder

A
  • excessive worry not linked to any one event or situation
  • extended and excessive period of worry, the degree of anxiety and fear is out of proportion with reality of situation
  • unrealistic concerns over past behavior, future events, competence
  • social phobia, selective mutism, or obsessive compulsive disorder may be present
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10
Q

what is the pathophysiology of generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • disrupted modulation of the CNS
  • underactive serotonin
  • overactive noradrenergic system
  • genetic and learned behavior components possible
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11
Q

what can cause underactive serotonin?

A
  • lack of production
  • lack of receptor sites
  • combination of the above
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12
Q

what type of pharmacological management is used for generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • antiolytics
  • antidepressents
  • SSRI (not used if depression is present as they have a major side effect of suicidal ideation)
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13
Q

what psychological interventions are used for generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • cognitive behavioral therapy
  • psychotherapy
  • behavioral techniques like relaxation
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14
Q

what may be symptoms of anxiety in a pediatric patient?

A
  • headaches
  • stomach aches
  • hair pulling or twisting
  • nail biting
  • blisters from sucking (like soft nail or actual blister on finger)
  • finger rubbing
  • self-harm
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15
Q

what is a nurse’s role in helping someone with generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • identify and refer
  • support therapy
  • provide emotional support
  • decrease parental anxiety by modeling and providing feedback
  • provide family support
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16
Q

how prevalent is heavy drinking among youth compared to adults?

A

3x more common

17
Q

what Canadian demographic is at higher risk and why?

A

indigenous youth because of residential school history

18
Q

what danger does social media present to a young person?

A
  • when learning how to modulate emotions, constant external stimuli can damage ability to self regulate
  • can cause constant evaluation of self by others (and by self)
  • increases stress
19
Q

what is the average age of first alcohol use in Saskatchewan?

A

11

20
Q

what is the average age of first marijuana use in Saskatchewan?

A

12.2

21
Q

considering Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what stage do most youth start using substances because of?

A

love and belonging

22
Q

considering Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what stage are things at as dependency develops and/or if you have anxiety, a bit of trauma, etc?

A

safety

23
Q

once addiction is full blown, what level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is being met?

A

physiological - same as food and shelter

24
Q

what are some risk factors for addiction?

A
  • genetics
  • attachment problems
  • parental substance abuse
  • concurrent mental health disorder
  • peers who use
25
Q

what may be seen in youth coming in to ER with substances on board?

A
  • erratic behavior (stimulants more agitating, alcohol enhances erratic behavior)
  • anger
  • sleepiness
26
Q

what is passing out?

A
  • when someone becomes unconscious after consuming alcohol
  • a sign of alcohol poisoning
  • risk of blood alcohol level becoming even higher during this state depending on amount consumed in a given time
27
Q

what are signs of alcohol poisoning?

A
  • mental confusion
  • stupor
  • coma
  • not able to be roused
  • vomiting
  • seizures
  • decreased or irregular respirations
  • hypothermia
  • cyanosis
  • paleness
28
Q

why should someone who has “passed out” be turned on their side?

A

to reduce risk of aspiration of vomiting

29
Q

what is “blacking out”

A
  • memory impairment due to acute intoxication
  • usually occurs after drinking a large amount of alcohol quickly
  • interferes with transfer of memory from short to long term
  • significant warning sign of alcohol use disorder as they show physical tolerance has increased, but brain can not handle amount
30
Q

what are risks associated with underage drinking?

A
  1. Acute alcohol poisoning, which can be fatal, physical harm,
  2. The environment: motor vehicle or other crashes, trauma, sexual assault, relationship problems, disrupted education and social development, unplanned sex &/or pregnancy, decrease level of physical ability (Butt, Peter, 2011).
  3. Alcohol Dependence
  4. Interruption of emotional development
31
Q

what two major neurochemicals do drugs affect

A

serotonin and dopamine

while food causes slight increase, and sex slightly more - substances do it much more so

32
Q

what are the four questions to ask oneself?

A
  • is what you are thinking true
  • is what you’re thinking really true?
  • how are you feeling or acting because of how you are thinking?
  • how would i feel or act if I thought differently
33
Q

what types of cancers are associated with long-term consumption of alcohol?

A 
mouth
pharynx
larynx
esophagus
liver
breast
colon
rectum
34
Q

what substance is most commonly used daily by adolescents?

A

marijuana

about 5-6% of seniors in high school

35
Q

early initiation of alcohol or drug use increases the risk of…

A

later substance use disorder

more rapid progression of dependance

if less than 15 years of age, 4x the risk of SUD

36
Q

what is the DSM 5 criteria for substance use disorder

A 
	Larger amounts -
	Trying to cut down
	Recovering from use.
	Craving Causing Problems
	Quitting activities
	Dangerous use
	Continue in spite of life problems
	Withdrawal
	Tolerance
	dishonesty
37
Q

what substance when used weekly or more frequently doubles an adolescent’s risk of depression and anxiety?

A

marijuana

38
Q

cannabis use in adolescence has been shown to be an independent risk factor for developing what mental health disorder in young adulthood?

A

psychosis/schizophrenia

2-3 fold increase in risk

Nursing Obstetrics & Pediatrics (26 decks)

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