Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing Obstetrics & Pediatrics > Infant Nutrition > Flashcards

Infant Nutrition Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

what does breastfeeding reduce the risk of during infancy?

A
  • acute otitis media
  • atopic dermatitis
  • gastrointestinal infections
  • lower respiratory tract diseases
  • asthma
  • SIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

beyond infancy, what does breastfeeding protect against?

A
  • obesity
  • cardiovascular disease
  • auto-immune disease
  • type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  • childhood leukemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does breastmilk contain that formula does not?

A

living cells
hormones
antibodies
enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are risks that are increased by feeding children formula?

A
  • asthma
  • allergies
  • nutrient deficiency
  • childhood cancers
  • chronic diseases
  • obesity
  • SIDS
  • dental malformations
  • gastroenteritis/diarrhea
  • ear infections
  • respiratory infections
  • reduced cognition (recent studies have called this into question)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does breastfeeding reduce the risk of for mothers?

A
  • breast cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • osteoporosis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • reduced natural child spacing (hahahahahah)
  • developing anemia
  • hip fractures in older age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

does breastfeeding offer protection against necrotizing enterocolitis?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is breastmilk ideal for preterm infants?

A

has more protein, fat, antibodies, and lactoferrin than mature milk making it more suited to their needs than formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why does breastmilk help with intestinal health of infants?

A
  • helps with maturation of intestinal lining of infants because of epidermal growth factor present in breast milk
  • helps to strengthen barriers to antigens
  • IgA protects gut from absorbing antigens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is fresh breastmilk better than frozen?

A

freezing destroys leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some ways partners can support breastfeeding?

A
  • setting the family tone by creating a positive atmosphere towards breastfeeding
  • give support and encouragement to mother
  • provide practical help
  • build a relationship with baby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some common conditions that can affect breastfeeding mothers?

A
  • sore nipples
  • engorgement
  • blocked ducts
  • mastitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the most common issue new moms have and one of the most common reasons breastfeeding is stopped sooner than intended?

A

-sore nipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the most common causes of sore nipples during breastfeeding?

A
  • incorrect latching

- incorrect positioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some ways to stimulate letdown?

A
  • breastfeed in calm and relaxed environment, ideally responding to infant cues before baby cries to keep things calm
  • use skin-to-skin when possible
  • gently massage until letdown occurs
  • stimulate nipples/express small amount
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is engorgement?

A
  • when mammary glands become congested with milk, bloody and lymph
  • makes it difficult for milk to flow
  • breast will eventually become hot, hard, and painful
  • have tight and shiny appearance
  • it is abnormal
  • can decrease milk production because of feedback inhibition of lactation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the differences between engorgement and breast fullness

A
  • breast fullness is normal, engorgment is not
  • fullness usually starts when milk comes in at 2-6 days postpartum, engorgement usually occurs slightly later t 3-6 days but can happen at other times
  • fullness breast still feel soft when pressed, but engorgement they are not compressable and may have generalized tightness and pain
  • fullness doesn’t cause pain or fever but engorgmentcan
17
Q

what are some ways to prevent engorgement?

A
  • breastfeed frequently, even during night
  • before feedings apply heat, massage breasts, express some milk to help latching
  • inbetween feedings, use analgesic to comfort, cold to relieve edema, wear support for breasts but not too tight
18
Q

what are blocked milk ducts?

A
  • when one or more of collecting ducts in breast becomes plugged with cells and other breastmilk components
  • contributing factors include milk stasis and external pressure applied to a specific area (like by a bra or tight clothing, or even laying down)
19
Q

what are some ways a mother can treat a blocked duct?

A
  • frequent feedings to remove milk
  • ensure good latch and offer blocked side first
  • check clothing for fit
20
Q

when should a blocked duct be assessed by a medical professional?

A
  • when a fever has be present more than 24 hours or is about 38 degrees
  • if symptoms do not subside within 24 hours of frequent and effective feeding/expression
  • if condition worsens
21
Q

what is mastitis?

A
  • an inflammatory condition of the breast which may or may not be accompanied by infection
  • may be triggered by engorgement or sore/cracked nipples
  • if flu-like symptoms and fever are present, may need antibiotic treatment
22
Q

how can you tell if baby is getting enough milk?

A

number of soiled diapers should be 6-10 with urine, 3 with stool from 6 days onward

23
Q

how frequently should an infant breastfeed?

A
  • about q2-3 hours minimum, at least q4h

- whenever they want to

24
Q

how frequently should a formula fed infant eat?

A
  • q3-4hours
  • most drink a 60-120mL bottle during first month of life increasing up to 180-240mL at a time
  • at least 8 times a day
25
Q

what are some cues a baby is hungry?

A
  • rooting
  • placing fingers or hand in mouth
  • suckin
  • lip smacking
  • waking
  • squirming, stretching and searching
  • crying
26
Q

how does iron absorption differ between breastmilk and formula?

A

about 50% of iron from breastmilk is absorbed while only about 4% of iron from formula is

27
Q

what positioning is appropriate for formula feeding?

A
  • similar to breast, good alignment and close to parent
  • child should have head higher than body to keep formula from washing back into eustachian tubes in ears which can cause infection
  • sing or talk to baby
  • feed in relaxing or quiet setting
28
Q

what are signs an infant is ready to have solids introduced?

A
  • ideally after 6 months of age (4 months at minimum)
  • able to consume 1000mL of formula or breastmilk a day
  • can sit up with minimal support
  • reduction in protrusion reflux so food can go to back of throat
  • demonstrates interest in food
  • ability to open mouth automatically when food approaches it
29
Q

what are some rules for introducing solid foods?

A
  • one new, single ingredient at a time, with at least 3-5 days in between
  • infants should pace how fast and much they wish to eat
  • relaxed and unhurried atmosphere
  • variety of foods to ensure balanced diet
30
Q

what is prolactin’s role in breastfeeding?

A

prolactin causes milk production

produced in anterior pituitary gland

levels peak in middle of the night

can make mom sleepy or euphoric

31
Q

what is oxytocin’s role in breastfeeding?

A

responsible for letdown (turns on tap)

produced in posterior pituitary gland

can cause uterine contractions and helps get tummy back into shape

increases thirst and can cause a warm or flushed feeling

32
Q

after the fourth day of life, how much weight should a baby gain daily?

A

20-35 grams

33
Q

What are ha caloric needs of a child less than 6 months old?

A

110-120 Kcal/kg/day

Nursing Obstetrics & Pediatrics (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions