Mental Health and Illness Flashcards
mental health
successful adaption to stressors from the internal/external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
mental illness
maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal/external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and INTEREFERE WITH THE INDIVIDUAL’S SOCIAL, OCCUPATIONAL, AND/OR PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING
incomprehensibility
the inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior
cultural relativity
the “normality” of behavior is determined by the culture
stress
the state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the nonspecifically induced changes within a biologic system
general adaption syndrome
how we adapt to stress; alarm reaction stage, stage of resistance, stage of exhausation
alarm reaction stage
fight or flight is initiated; increased heart rate, sweaty
stage of resistance
attempt to adapt to stressor
stage of exhausation
prolonged stress; only occurs if we do no t adapt to stressor in stage of resistance
biological responses
associated with flight or fight; immediate, sustained and immediate responses
immediate response reactions
dilated pupils; increased respiratory rate (dilated bronchioles) and contractility (high heart rate and BP); decreased gastric motility (blood goes to critical organs)
sustained response reactions
increased retention of sodium and water, BP, and serum glucose; decreased immune system and inflammatory response
when do sustained physical responses occur
after a prolonged period of stress; they also promote susceptibility to many diseases of adaption
modern stress
a psychosocial state that is pervasive, chronic, and relentless; promotes susceptibility to diseases of adaption
how is adaption applied to psychological responses to stress
determined by the extent to which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interfere with an individuals functioning
anxiety
a feeling of discomfort and apprehension r/t fear of impending danger; individual may be unaware of the source of their anxiety, but it is often accompanied by feelings of uncertainty and helplessness
what are peplau’s 4 levels of anxiety
mild, moderate, severe, and panic
mild anxiety
seldom a problem; can motivate someone through preparing an action
manifestations of mild anxiety
increased motivation and awareness; sharpens skills; enhanced learning; functions at optimal level
moderate anxiety
perceptual field begins to diminish
manifestations of moderate anxiety
decreased concentration/attention span; need help with problem solving; less alert; tense and restless
severe anxiety
perceptual field diminishes greatly
manifestations of severe anxiety
focuses on one thing; no attention span; hard time with tasks; change in behavior; physical symptoms (headaches, palpitations, insomnia); emotional symptoms (horror, dread, confusion)
panic anxiety
the most intense state
manifestations of severe anxiety
unable to focus on one detail; loss of reality (hallucinations/delusions); wild and desperate/withdrawn; misconceptions; “loss of control”; prolonged is life threatening
mild anxiety adaption
coping mechanisms: eating, drinking, sleeping, and physical exercise
moderate anxiety adaption
ego is tested
ego defense mechanisms
employed for our protection; denial, projection, sublimation, reaction formation
sublimation
making the best out of a situation; finding the silver lining
reaction formation
pushing down emotions to the point where they don’t come to the surface; inside you think one thing, but on the outside you say the opposite
severe anxiety adaption
can contribute to a number of psychological disorders (cardiovascular, GI, etc)
what can result from extended periods of repressed severe anxiety
psychoneurotic patterns of behavvior
what can result from extended periods of panic anxiety
psychosis
psychosis
significant thought disturbance
clinical manifestations of psychosis
delusions; hallucinations; disorganized speech; loses touch with reality
psychotic disorders
schizophrenia, schizo-affective, and delusional disorders
grief
subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to the loss of a valued entity
5 stages of grief
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, an acceptance
anticipatory grief
the experiencing of the grief progress before the actual loss occurs
resolution
length of the grief process is entirely individual; it can last from a few weeks to years and is influenced by a number of factors
how does guilt affect the grieving process
it lengths the experience
“benefit” of anticipatory grief
shortens griefing process
what happens to the grieving process if the person experiences multiple losses
it is extended
how is resolution achieved?
when an individual can look back on the relationship with the lost entity and accept both the pleasures and disappointments of the association
maladaptive grief responses
prolonged; delayed/inhibited; distorted
prolonged grief response
an intense preoccupation (with possessions or symbolic items) occurs with the lost entity over an extended period of time
delayed/inhibited grief response
stuck in denial phase
distorted response
stuck in anger phase
