Mental health 2: Depression and bipolar disorders Flashcards
What is the key difference between a depressive episode and depressive disorder? Use the DSM criteria to demonstrate your response.
Subjects presenting with both disorders need to exhibit at least 5 DSM criteria, and at least one of the first 2 criteria:
- Depressed most of the day and
- Marked decrease in pleasure normally attained from activities.
A depressive episode shows demonstration of these symptoms over a period of 2 weeks, whereas depressive disorder features numerous episodes like this, or less commonly one episode longer than 2 weeks.
Recall as many of the 9 DSM depression criteria under section A as you can.
- Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
- Markedly diminished pleasure/interest in activities
- Significant weight loss or weight gain
- Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
- Feelings of worthlessness and excessive guilt nearly every day
- Diminished ability to concentrate nearly every day
- Recurrent thoughts of death, suicide, suicide attempts
What are section B and C of the DSM depression diagnosis criteria?
B. Clinically significant distress or impairment
C. Not attributed to substance use or other medical condition
The 5 depressive symptoms can be broken into 3 categories. What are they?
- Affective symptoms: depressed mood, anhedonia
- Cognitive symptoms: indecisiveness, lack of concentration
- Somatic symptoms: fatigue, sleep or appetite change
One week VS 4 days. Which represents the minimum time for a Bipolar 1 manic episode and which for a bipolar 2 hypermanic episode?
4 days: bipolar 2
One week: bipolar 1
Cyclothymic disorder is a milder presentation of bipolar 2 disorder. What is the minimum length of time a person must present with these symptoms, and what is the max time they can have breaks from the symptoms?
2 years, 2 months
Which type of bipolar is more common in women?
bipolar 2
What is the typical onset age for bipolar, and what is the delay in seeking treatment?
15-25 years, 10-20 years
What is the 12 month compared to lifetime prevelance of bipolar?
1%
1.3%
How many mania episodes would an untreated bipolar subject experience?
8-10
What is the relapse rate for people who have been treated for bipolar? State the 1 year relapse rate and the 5 year relapse rate
40% will relapse within one year, 73% within 5 years
How many bipolar sufferers will attempt suicide, and how many will complete?
25% will attempt, 10-20 will complete
50% of people with bipolar have a comorbidity with anxiety. What are the 3 most common anxiety disorders for this comorbidity?
Panic disorder, GAD and social phobia
1% of people have been diagnosed with bipolar. What is the increase in risk for those who have a parent with BP?
10%
Describe the Diathesis-Stress Model of aetiological psychological factors which could trigger a depressive episode
Life stressors cause disturbances to circadian rhythm. This leads to the prodromal (overload) stage, leading to poor coping strategies, which triggers an episode.
