mental health

Question 1

abnormal meaning

Answer 1

The “Four D’s”
* Deviance: deviation from an ideal, statistically
uncommon, social norm violation
* Dysfunction: maladaptive behaviour for the individual or
toward society, social discomfort
* Distress: personal distress of suffering individuals
* Danger: to him/herself or to another person

Question 2

universally observed syndromes

Answer 2

Syndromes that are universally observed
e.g., depression,
social anxiety,
schizophrenia
 Possibly because of biological foundation of
certain mental illness
 The manifestation of such
syndromes may vary across
cultures

Question 3

australia vs malaysia, china vs canda depression symptoms

Answer 3

malaysians chinese more physical symptoms, astralians canadians more psychological symptoms

Question 4

somatization is

Answer 4

Manifestation of psychological distress by the presentation
of bodily symptoms

Question 5

somatization japanese,afican american, uae turkey

Answer 5

Depressed Japanese patients were more
likely to present physical symptoms
whereas American patients were more
likely to present psychological ones
* African Americans reported more somatic
symptoms than European Americans

• Depressed patients in the United Arab
  Emirates and Turkey were more likely to
  describe their depression in terms of
  somatic concerns as compared to Western
  cultures

Question 6

social anxiety asians vs americans

Answer 6

asians higher social anxiety trait

Question 7

reasons why asians vs americans social anxiety

Answer 7

Social anxiety is perceived as normal in
Asians
Asians are less likely to be diagnosed with
full-blown social anxiety disorder?
Asians manifest social anxiety somewhat differently

Question 8

tks japan

Answer 8

Morbid fear of embarrassing or offending others by
blushing, improper facial expressions, or emitting
offensive odors

Question 9

social anxiety vs tks

Answer 9

Social Anxiety Disorder: tend to be preoccupied with how
they will make fools out of themselves in social situations
TKS: psychosomatic symptoms (blushing, sweating) and
worry that those symptoms would create a great deal of
unease in others  avoiding social situations for fear of
disturbing others

Question 10

inter/independence tks

Answer 10

Those with interdependent self are more likely to, and those
with interdependent self are more likely to show TKS traits

Question 11

culture bound syndromes

Answer 11

Syndromes that are greatly influenced by cultural
factors
 They occur far less frequently, or are manifested
in highly divergent ways, in other cultures
 The APA has formally
recognized culture-bound
syndromes by including a
separate listing in the
appendix of DSM-IV

Question 12

eating disorders west vs east

Answer 12

The prevalence rates in non-Western countries are
lower than those in Western countries
But abnormal eating attitudes in non-Western countries
have been gradually increasing

Question 13

anderson et al food scarcity

Answer 13

Examined 186 societies
* Preference for plump women
was predicted by the
Food Scarcity
In some cultures, where food is scarce, higher body
fat is seen as more desirable because it indicates:
- Access to food and other resources
- Sign of health and high fertility

Question 14

types of social support taylor et al

Answer 14

explicit support increased asian stress, decreased americans,