language

Question 1

basic sapir-whorf hypothesis

Answer 1

Differences in language lead to differences in
cognition.

Question 2

strong sapir-whorf

Answer 2

language determines thought –
without access to the right words, people cannot
have certain kinds of thoughts

Question 3

strong sapir whorf consensus

Answer 3

widley rejected

Question 4

weak sapir whorf

Answer 4

language influences thought –
having access to certain words influences the kinds
of thoughts that one has

Question 5

weak sapir whorf consensus

Answer 5

Some supporting evidence but still controversy
surrounding this claim

Question 6

berlin and kay

Answer 6

all languages have basic 2 color terms, consistent patterns in other colours

Question 7

rosch heider red

Answer 7

people with no word for red still recalled focal red better than non-focal red

Question 8

categorical perception

Answer 8

Differences among items that fall into different
categories are perceived to be larger than
differences among items that fall into the same
category

Question 9

categorical perception implications

Answer 9

People judge colours to be similar when
they come from the same category (e.g.,
all siniy) than when they come from
different categories of the colour terms
(e.g., siniy and golvoy)
Having color terms or not can affect colour
perception
Support for the weak version of the
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Question 10

do people have much innate numerical abilities

Answer 10

no-few innate

Question 11

postnates can represent numbers up to

Answer 11

3, anything more is cultural

Question 12

gordon piraha people

Answer 12

Piraha’s lack of counting system limits their
ability to represent exact quantities when the set
sizes exceed 3-4

Question 13

number systems arab vs chinese

Answer 13

Complex number naming systems in some
languages seem to affect children’s math ability
at young age

Question 14

subsistence societies repesenting space

Answer 14

usually in absolute terms

Question 15

chimps representing space

Answer 15

absolute terms

Question 16

egocentric space representation when developed

Answer 16

recent development

Question 17

hebrew speakers think time goes

Answer 17

right to left

Question 18

mandarin speakers think time goes

Answer 18

top to bottom

Question 19

photos time

Answer 19

height increases in direction of time, cars face in direction of time

Question 20

Boroditsky & Gaby americans vs Pormpuraawians

Answer 20

aboriganals did not favour odering photos with any directional vector

Question 21

agentive cognition fausey and boroditsky

Answer 21

When the incident was intentional, both English and Spanish speakers used agentive form. (“He popped the balloon”)
When the incident was accidental, Spanish speakers used less agentive form than did English speakers. (“The balloon popped.”)
When the incident was intentional, both English and Spanish speakers remembered who did it.
When the incident was accidental, Spanish speakers’ memory was less accurate than English speakers’.

Question 22

agentive cogntion may be related to

Answer 22

indvidualism

Question 23

kashima and kashima pronoun

Answer 23

Cultures with non-pronoun-drop languages
are more individualistic than those with
pronoun-drop languages.

Question 24

chen future tense increases

Answer 24

clear future tense increases long term orientation

Question 25

noun bias is

Answer 25

nouns dominating over verbs in child early vocab

Question 26

tardif et al noun

Answer 26

noun bias not the case mandarin

Question 27

tardif et al noun implications

Answer 27

Nouns
- focus on individual objects
- Independent,
Analytic cognition
Verbs
- focus on relationships
- Interdependent,
Holistic cognition
But the causal-effect relationship has not been empirically
tested.