Mental Health Flashcards
What occurs during pre-contemplation?
- lack of motivation for change
- dismissal of concerns from others about unhealthy behaviour
- belief that they are unable to change their behavior
What is Mental Health?
A state of emotional and social well being where individuals can cope with normal stressors of life.
What are the ABC’s of mental health?
Affective
Behavioural
Cognition
What is a mental health problem?
A disruption of an individuals usual levels of well being
What is a mental illness?
A psychological state which is severe enough to require psychiatric intervention
What are the three D’s of mental disorders?
Deviant
Distressing
Dysfunction
What is deviance (mental disorders)?
A persons ABC’s are atypical for an individual or differ from social norms
What does distress mean in mental disorders?
ABC’ are unpleasant or upsetting for an individual and/or their peers.
What is dysfunction in regards to mental disorders?
ABC’s interfere with an individuals ability to carry out regular daily activities effectively.
Define stress
A stressor is perceived by an individual as exceeding their ability to cope.
What is anxiety?
A state of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness.
What is a phobia?
A persistent, intense, irrational fear of a specific object or event.
(remember piif)
What is involved in high levels of functioning?
The ability to approach day-to-day tasks independently and with the capacity to meet demands in the environment
What are the 3 characteristics of a mentally healthy person?
High levels of functioning
Social and Emotional Wellbeing
Resilience to life stressors
What is social wellbeing?
A sense of belonging to a community
What is emotional wellbeing?
The ability to control and express emotions in a positive way and understand emotions of others.
What is resilience?
The ability to bounce back or recover from stress, or to adapt to social circumstances.
What is the placebo effect?
when participants believe they have been given a treatment and respond to match those expectations.
What is the experimenter effect?
A change in participant behaviour due to an experimenters treatment/influence.
What are the four P’s?
Predisposing
Precipitating
Perpetuating
Protective
What is a predisposing factor?
A factor which led to a problem starting
e.g. genetic vulnerability
What is a precipitating factor?
A factor which triggers the onset of mental health problems
e.g. poor sleep, stress
What is a perpetuating factor?
Maintains the presence or occurrence of a mental health problem
(e.g. avoidance)
What is a protective factor?
A persons strengths which prevents the occurrence of a problem
(e.g. diet, relaxation, resilience)
What is systematic desensitisation?
a treatment for phobias in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques
What are the 3 steps of systematic desensitization?
- Therapist teaches client a relaxation technique
- Therapist helps the client build a hierarchy of stimuli from least to most fear-inducing
- Each event in the hierarchy is systematically paired with a relaxation technique, and the client works through this one step at a time until a phobia is extinguished.
What is the purpose of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change?
To assess how ready an individual is to take the steps toward making a change for healthier behaviours
and/or
Describes the steps an individual takes to make a behaviour change
What are the 5 steps of the transtheoretical model behaviour change
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Relapse
What occurs during contemplation?
- awareness that behaviour is problematic
- actively thinking of taking steps toward behaviour change (in the next 6 months)
- strategies: making pros and cons list to encourage behaviour change
What occurs during preparation?
- may have high motivation for change, but low confidence for success
- taking steps toward behaviour change in the next 30 days
What occurs during action?
- active steps have been taken towards the behaviour change
- high motivation
- social support is common at this stage
What occurs during maintenance?
- the behaviour change has been consistent for at least 6 months
- individual is taking measures to avoid relapses
- strategy: minimise or avoid exposure to stimuli which may cause relapse
What occurs during relapse?
- temporary step back to a previous stage
What is an example of mental health maintenance?
- adequate diet (helps sleep and mood)
- adequate sleep (restores physical and mental health)
- cognitive behavioural strategies (CBT)
- social support (empathy/care provided)
