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health and lifespan development > mental health > Flashcards

mental health Flashcards

1
Q

what is the biomedical model

A

it assumes that every illness has a single specific cause, located in biological and physiological systems of the human body

mental health problems reflect underlying biological dysfunction

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2
Q

info about freud

A

overt behaviour is a reflection of the unconscious mental processes and the conflicts and experiences of ones mind

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3
Q

what are the 3 unconscious mental processes and explain

A

superego-very moral
id- impulse, childish
ego-mediator between the two

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4
Q

compare freud and jung in terms of:

  • length
  • and background info
A

freud:

  • longer sessions
  • attempts to expose unconscious processes and resolve unconscious conflicts

Jung:

  • shorter sessions
  • the unconscious is symbolic of the psyche’s drive to wholeness
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5
Q

how psychoanalysis is applied today

A

looks at childhood and life experiences and how they’ve shaped someone without the sexual component

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6
Q

what is behaviourism

A

mental health problems reflect maladaptive learning
thoughts, actions and feelings are viewed as behaviours and thus treated by changing behaviour or modifying the environment

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7
Q

strengths of behavioural therapy

A
  • abnormal behaviour a result of maladaptive learning

- client can learn new skills and change their environment

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8
Q

criticisms of behaviour therapy

A

thoughts, feeling, meaning not addressed

some problems are difficult to observe e.g. distress

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9
Q

what is cognitive therapy

A

individuals chose the way they think and these can be changed

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10
Q

strength of cognitive therapy

A

scientific approach

evidence based

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11
Q

criticisms of cognitive therapy

A

human behaviour is reductionistic- if i fix this, everything will be fixed
ignores social and cultural factors

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12
Q

what is the cbt model

A

thoughts and feelings influence behaviour which can be positive or negative
thoughts, feelings, actions can influence one another
can intervene at any point

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13
Q

strength for cbt

A

strong evidence base
client learns new skills
thoughts, meaning and feelings are addressed

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14
Q

criticisms of cbt model

A

some things may require acceptance rather than change

typically not long-term

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15
Q

3 waves of cbt are

A
  1. behaviourism
  2. cbt
  3. mindfulness
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16
Q

ellis abc model

A

A: ctivating event e.g. relationship breakup
B:eliefs e.g. this is awfu;
C: onsequence e.g. feels depressed
they all affect each oher

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17
Q

Beck model and examples

A

negative view of self e.g. i am worthless
negative view of future e.g. nothing will change
negative view of world e.g. everything is against me

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18
Q

what are the 3 levels of cognitive processing

A
  1. conscious awareness, rational thinking
  2. automatic thoughts
  3. schemas: core beliefs which shape our perception and interpretation of events
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19
Q

4 CBT strategies are

A

problem oriented
case formulation
psycho-education
collaborative therapeutic relationship

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20
Q

what are cognitive techniques

A

elicit, challenge and modify automatic thoughts

uncovering and changing schemas

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21
Q

what are behavioural techniques

A

reverse patterns of avoidance, helplessness, build skills to prevent relapse

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22
Q

what are some tools used in CBT

A 
mood diary
thought records
cost benefit analysis
pie chart
graded exposure and tasks
breathing and relaxation training
23
Q

what does mindfulness involve

A
  • observing internal events without judgement
  • teaches us to go with things without trying to control them
  • respond rather than react
24
Q

mindfulness vs cbt

A

mindfulness does not evaluate thoughts as rational or not

mindfulness does not attempt to change thoughts

25
Q

mindfulness vs cbt

A

mindfulness does not evaluate thoughts as rational or not

mindfulness does not attempt to change thoughts

26
Q

what does acceptance and commitment therapy involve

A

uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies in combination with commitment and behaviour change

27
Q

what is the aim of acceptance and commitment therapy

A

to increase psychological flexibility

28
Q

what theory is acceptance and commitment therapy based on

A

relational frame theory: language entangles clients to wage war against inner lives

29
Q

aims of acceptance commitment therapy

A 
cognitive 'defusion'- you are not your thoughts
being in present 
acceptance- non-judgemental awareness
values- clarify them
action in valued direction
30
Q

what does schema therapy comprise of

A

attachment theory, psychoanalysis, cbt, emotion-focused therpay

31
Q

what does schema therapy aim to treat

A

treat personality disorders and mental health concerns

aims to teach you how to ensure your emotional needs are met in a healthy way

32
Q

what are the 5 categories of schemas

A
  1. disconnection and rejection-makes it difficult to have healthy relationships
  2. impaired autonomy and performance- stops you developing strong sense of self and function as adult in world
  3. impaired limits- affects self-control and boundaries
  4. other-directedness- focus in on others
  5. over-vigilance and inattention- prioritise avoiding failure through alertness and rules-disregard emotion and desires
33
Q

what are 3 coping styles of schema therapy

A

surrender
avoidance
overcompensation

34
Q

define surrender in terms of schemas

A

accepting a schema and giving into it

behaviour reinforces or continues schema pattern

35
Q

define avoidance in terms of schemas

A

attempting to live without triggering the schema

avoid situations that could trigger it

36
Q

define overcompensation in terms of schemas

A

attempt to fight schema by acting in a completely opposite manner

37
Q

what are 4 schema modes

A
  1. child modes
  2. dysfunctional coping modes
  3. dysfunctional parent modes
  4. healthy adult modes
38
Q

what are child modes

A

characterised by childlike feeling and behaviours

39
Q

what are dysfunctional coping modes

A

used to prevent emotional distress but end up reinforcing schemas

40
Q

what are dysfunctional parent modes

A

internalising critical, demanding or harsh parental voices

41
Q

what are healthy adult modes

A

represent healthy functional self that regulates other modes by setting limits and countering effects of other modes

42
Q

5 goals of schema therapy

A

identify and heal schemas
identify and address coping styles that get in the way of emotional needs
change patterns of feelings and behaviours that result from schemas
learn how to meet emotional needs healthily
learn how to cope healthily if needs are not met

43
Q

what is dialetical behaviour therapy

A

focuses on high risk patients and tough to treat ones

originally developed to assist with BPD

44
Q

4 core DBT skills

A
  1. mindfulness- be aware of thoughts and emotions
  2. emotion regulation- manage emotions
  3. distress tolerance- deals with difficult situations
  4. interpersonal effectiveness- ask for what you want
45
Q

what does dearman stand for

A

describe, express, assert, reinforce, mindful, appear confident, negotiate

46
Q

what does give stand for

A

gentle, interested, validate, easy manner

47
Q

what does fast stand for

A

fair, apologise/dont, stick to value, truthful

48
Q

what does accepts stand for

A

acitivites, contributing, comparisons, emotions, pushing away, thoughts, sensation

49
Q

what does improve stand for

A

imager, meaning, prayer, relaxation, one thing at a time, vacation, encouragement

50
Q

reducing vulnerability skills

A

eat, sleep, exercise, take prescribed drugs

51
Q

what are build mastery skills

A

build positive emotions
be mindful of current emotion
opposite to emotion action

52
Q

“what” skills

A

observe, describe, participate

53
Q

“how” skills

A

non-judgmentally, open-mindfully, effectively

health and lifespan development (5 decks)

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