mental health Flashcards
what is the biomedical model
it assumes that every illness has a single specific cause, located in biological and physiological systems of the human body
mental health problems reflect underlying biological dysfunction
info about freud
overt behaviour is a reflection of the unconscious mental processes and the conflicts and experiences of ones mind
what are the 3 unconscious mental processes and explain
superego-very moral
id- impulse, childish
ego-mediator between the two
compare freud and jung in terms of:
- length
- and background info
freud:
- longer sessions
- attempts to expose unconscious processes and resolve unconscious conflicts
Jung:
- shorter sessions
- the unconscious is symbolic of the psyche’s drive to wholeness
how psychoanalysis is applied today
looks at childhood and life experiences and how they’ve shaped someone without the sexual component
what is behaviourism
mental health problems reflect maladaptive learning
thoughts, actions and feelings are viewed as behaviours and thus treated by changing behaviour or modifying the environment
strengths of behavioural therapy
- abnormal behaviour a result of maladaptive learning
- client can learn new skills and change their environment
criticisms of behaviour therapy
thoughts, feeling, meaning not addressed
some problems are difficult to observe e.g. distress
what is cognitive therapy
individuals chose the way they think and these can be changed
strength of cognitive therapy
scientific approach
evidence based
criticisms of cognitive therapy
human behaviour is reductionistic- if i fix this, everything will be fixed
ignores social and cultural factors
what is the cbt model
thoughts and feelings influence behaviour which can be positive or negative
thoughts, feelings, actions can influence one another
can intervene at any point
strength for cbt
strong evidence base
client learns new skills
thoughts, meaning and feelings are addressed
criticisms of cbt model
some things may require acceptance rather than change
typically not long-term
3 waves of cbt are
- behaviourism
- cbt
- mindfulness
ellis abc model
A: ctivating event e.g. relationship breakup
B:eliefs e.g. this is awfu;
C: onsequence e.g. feels depressed
they all affect each oher
Beck model and examples
negative view of self e.g. i am worthless
negative view of future e.g. nothing will change
negative view of world e.g. everything is against me
what are the 3 levels of cognitive processing
- conscious awareness, rational thinking
- automatic thoughts
- schemas: core beliefs which shape our perception and interpretation of events
4 CBT strategies are
problem oriented
case formulation
psycho-education
collaborative therapeutic relationship
what are cognitive techniques
elicit, challenge and modify automatic thoughts
uncovering and changing schemas
what are behavioural techniques
reverse patterns of avoidance, helplessness, build skills to prevent relapse
what are some tools used in CBT
mood diary thought records cost benefit analysis pie chart graded exposure and tasks breathing and relaxation training
what does mindfulness involve
- observing internal events without judgement
- teaches us to go with things without trying to control them
- respond rather than react
mindfulness vs cbt
mindfulness does not evaluate thoughts as rational or not
mindfulness does not attempt to change thoughts
mindfulness vs cbt
mindfulness does not evaluate thoughts as rational or not
mindfulness does not attempt to change thoughts
what does acceptance and commitment therapy involve
uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies in combination with commitment and behaviour change
what is the aim of acceptance and commitment therapy
to increase psychological flexibility
what theory is acceptance and commitment therapy based on
relational frame theory: language entangles clients to wage war against inner lives
aims of acceptance commitment therapy
cognitive 'defusion'- you are not your thoughts being in present acceptance- non-judgemental awareness values- clarify them action in valued direction
what does schema therapy comprise of
attachment theory, psychoanalysis, cbt, emotion-focused therpay
what does schema therapy aim to treat
treat personality disorders and mental health concerns
aims to teach you how to ensure your emotional needs are met in a healthy way
what are the 5 categories of schemas
- disconnection and rejection-makes it difficult to have healthy relationships
- impaired autonomy and performance- stops you developing strong sense of self and function as adult in world
- impaired limits- affects self-control and boundaries
- other-directedness- focus in on others
- over-vigilance and inattention- prioritise avoiding failure through alertness and rules-disregard emotion and desires
what are 3 coping styles of schema therapy
surrender
avoidance
overcompensation
define surrender in terms of schemas
accepting a schema and giving into it
behaviour reinforces or continues schema pattern
define avoidance in terms of schemas
attempting to live without triggering the schema
avoid situations that could trigger it
define overcompensation in terms of schemas
attempt to fight schema by acting in a completely opposite manner
what are 4 schema modes
- child modes
- dysfunctional coping modes
- dysfunctional parent modes
- healthy adult modes
what are child modes
characterised by childlike feeling and behaviours
what are dysfunctional coping modes
used to prevent emotional distress but end up reinforcing schemas
what are dysfunctional parent modes
internalising critical, demanding or harsh parental voices
what are healthy adult modes
represent healthy functional self that regulates other modes by setting limits and countering effects of other modes
5 goals of schema therapy
identify and heal schemas
identify and address coping styles that get in the way of emotional needs
change patterns of feelings and behaviours that result from schemas
learn how to meet emotional needs healthily
learn how to cope healthily if needs are not met
what is dialetical behaviour therapy
focuses on high risk patients and tough to treat ones
originally developed to assist with BPD
4 core DBT skills
- mindfulness- be aware of thoughts and emotions
- emotion regulation- manage emotions
- distress tolerance- deals with difficult situations
- interpersonal effectiveness- ask for what you want
what does dearman stand for
describe, express, assert, reinforce, mindful, appear confident, negotiate
what does give stand for
gentle, interested, validate, easy manner
what does fast stand for
fair, apologise/dont, stick to value, truthful
what does accepts stand for
acitivites, contributing, comparisons, emotions, pushing away, thoughts, sensation
what does improve stand for
imager, meaning, prayer, relaxation, one thing at a time, vacation, encouragement
reducing vulnerability skills
eat, sleep, exercise, take prescribed drugs
what are build mastery skills
build positive emotions
be mindful of current emotion
opposite to emotion action
“what” skills
observe, describe, participate
“how” skills
non-judgmentally, open-mindfully, effectively
