Mental disorders, Violence and Offending- Part 1. Flashcards
What is aggression?
What is it split into?
Behavior- that is hostile, injurious, or destructive + can inflict injury or damage to people or objects.
Violent + non-violent.
Continuation with aggression:
Give an example of non-violent aggression.
Give an example of violent aggression.
What is aggression on?
Non-violent- harassment or verbal assault.
Violent- use physical force or power- results in harm or injury.
A continuum of severity- can go from name calling (non-violent) to injury (violence).
What is violence?
Give 2 examples of violence.
Can the definitions of violence and aggression overlap?
Intentional behavior- involves verbal threats or assaults- or physicality.
1) Damaging property.
2) Self-harming (includes suicide).
Yes.
More on aggression and violence:
For aggression, what is important about the person?
What about the victim?
Can violence be seen as a severe form of aggression?
They are motivated to harm.
Motivated to avoid harm.
Yes.
What can premeditated aggression also be called?
What is premeditated aggression?
Give an example of this using people on the extreme end.
Instrumental, proactive or predatory aggression.
Violent act that is planned.
Sex offenders- plan- target victim, learn whereabouts etc.
What is impulsive aggression?
What is it also called?
Give an example of it.
Affectively driven + comes with things like high levels of autonomic arousal (pulse and skin conductance).
Reactive or affective aggression.
If someone is scratching your car in front of you, you will react by shouting or hitting- you did not plan to do this.
What is premeditated aggression linked to?
What is it more than impulsive aggression?
What is aggressive acts not (violent and non-violent)?
Aggressive recidivism.
More pathological form of aggression.
Criminal- aggression is adaptive- use can use it when you are in danger.
What has mental health exaggeratingly been associated with?
How was this achieved?
What does evidence in terms of this show?
Aggression and violence.
Through the media.
Those with mental illnesses are responsible for a small fraction of violence in society.
What exists between mental illness and violence?
Who suffers from more mental health issues than the normative population?
Association- modest but significant.
Those in prison.
Mental illness in the prison population:
Who did a study on this?
What did they do?
What did they look at?
What did they find?
What else did they find?
Fazel and Danesh (2002).
Did a meta-analysis- looked at 12 countries.
Prevalence of mental illness- in prison populations- of these 12 countries.
Higher prevalence- of mental illness- in prisoners- compared to normative population.
1) 1/7 prisoners- mood or thought disorder (includes psychosis).
2) 1 in 2 men + 1 in 5 women- had antisocial personality disorder.
Continuation from mental illness in the prison population- Fazel and Danesh (2002):
When else was similar results found again by Fazel and others?
2006 + 2012.
Continuation from mental illness in the prison population:
Who did this study?
Who did this study involve?
What did they find?
Fazel, Doll and Langstorm (2008).
Youth in the criminal justice system.
Detained youth = more mental illness than the general population.
What is axis I?
What is axis II?
Major clinical disorders- like schizophrenia, bipolar, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, psychosis etc.
Personality disorders + intellectual disability.
Schizophrenia and criminal offending:
Who did an important study on this?
What did they look at?
How many people did they look at?
Over how long did they look at them?
What were those diagnosed and not diagnosed with schizophrenia matched on?
Wallace et al (2004).
Relationship- between criminal offending + diagnosis of schizophrenia.
2,861 people.
25-year period- followed them up to see who will be involved with the CJS.
Things like age and gender.
Continuation from Wallace et al (2004) study:
What did the results find?
Who was this significant relationship seen in?
Say the stats for males.
Say the stats for females.
Schizophrenics- more likely- convicted of a criminal offense- than community counterparts.
Males and females.
Men- 31.3% (schizophrenics convicted) vs 11.7% of community.
Females- 7.7% (schizophrenics convicted) vs 2.2% of community.
