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Language of Medicine > Mental and Behavioral Disorders > Flashcards

Mental and Behavioral Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

anhedonia

A

absence of ability to experience pleasure, even if there is reason to

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2
Q

confabulation

A

effort to conceal a memory gap by fabricating detailed, often believable, stories

associated with alcohol abuse

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3
Q

dyscalculia

A

difficulty with performing mathematical calculations

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4
Q

dysphoria

A

generalized negative mood characterized by depression

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5
Q

echolalia

A

repetition of words or phrases spoken by others

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6
Q

euphoria

A

exaggerated sense of physical and emotional well-being not based on reality, or inappropriate to the situation

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7
Q

hallucination

A

any unreal sensory perception that occurs with no external cause

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8
Q

hyperkinesis

A

excessive movement and activity

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9
Q

stupor

A

a “numb” state of near nconsciousness

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10
Q

dementia

A

lack of normal mental functioning, due to injury or disease

may include changes to personality, memory, and/or reasoning

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11
Q

affect

A

observable demonstration of emotion that can be described in terms of quality, range, and appropriateness

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12
Q

blunted affect

A

moderately reduced range of affect

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13
Q

flat affect

A

diminished or loss of emotional expression

sometimes observed in schizophrenia, mental retardation, and some depressive disorders

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14
Q

labile affect

A

multiple, abrupt changes in affect seen in certain types of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

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15
Q

full/wide range of affect

A

generally appropriate emotional response

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16
Q

substance abuse

A

use of substances in ways that threaten health or impair social or economic functioning

examples of substances: alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives, stimulants, nicotine, and inhalants

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17
Q

harmful use

A

a pattern of drug use that causes damage to health

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18
Q

tolerance

A

a state in which the body becomes accustomed to the substances ingested, so the user requires greater quantities to get the desired effects

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19
Q

remission

A

exhibiting a lessening or disappearance of a disease/disorder

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20
Q

delirium tremens (DTs)

A

acute and sometimes fatal delirium from quitting “cold-turkey” after years of excessive alcohol ingestion

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21
Q

dependence

A

difficulty in controlling use of a drug

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22
Q

intoxication

A

episode of behavioral disturbance following ingestion of alcohol or psychotropic drugs

(ICD-10 also provides a code to identify blood alcohol level)

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23
Q

withdrawal state

A

group of symptoms that occur during cessation of the use of a regularly-taken drug

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24
Q

akathisia

A

inability to sit still

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25
Q

amnesia

A

inability to remember the past, isolated or entire

may be caused by brain damage or severe emotional trauma

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26
Q

catatonia

A

paralysis or immobility from psychological or emotional causes, rather than physical

27
Q

catatonic schizophrenia

schizophrenic catalepsy

A

a type of schizophrenia that is by prominent psychomotor disturbances that may alternate between extremes, such as hyperkinesis and stupor, and may be accompanied by a dreamlike state and hallucinations

28
Q

delirium

A

condition of confused, unfocused, irrational agitation

in mental disorders, this may also be accompanied by more intense disorientation, incoherence, or fear, and illusions, hallucinations, and delusions

29
Q

hebephrenia

disorganized schizophrenia

A

initially occurs at puberty
characterized by prominent affective changes, fleeting and fragmentary delusions and hallucinations, irresponsible and unpredictable behaviors.

30
Q

oneirism

A

state of dreamlike hallucination

31
Q

paranoia

delusional disorder, late paraphrenia

A

a delusional disorder that includes inaccurate perception of suspicious thinking

32
Q

schizophrenia

A

a group of disorders characterized by fundamental distortions of thinking and perception, coupled with affect that is inappropriate or blunted

patient exhibits inability to recognize an appropriate perception of reality, although their intellectual capacity is usually intact

33
Q

schizotypal disorder

A

patient exhibits anhedonia, eccentric behavior, cold affect, and social isolation

34
Q

bipolar disorder

A

disorder characterized by swings between elevated mood, energy, and activity (mania), and lowered mood, energy, activity (depression)

35
Q

cyclothymia

A

disorder characterized by recurring episodes of mild elation and depression that are not severe enough to diagnose as bipolar

36
Q

dysthymia

A

mild chronic depression of mood that lasts for years, but not severe enough to justify a diagnosis of depression

37
Q

euthymia

A

a normal range of mood and emotions

38
Q

major depressive disorder

A

depression typically characterized by its degree (minimal, moderate, severe) or number of occurrences (single, recurrent, persistent)
patient exhibits dysphoria, reduction of energy, decrease in activity; perhaps also anhedonia, lack of ability to concentrate, fatigue, abnormal sleep patterns, etc.

39
Q

mania

A

a state of unstable, inappropriate mood

40
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

41
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of crowded places

42
Q

androphobia

A

fear of men

43
Q

anthropophobia

social phobia

A

fear of scrutiny from others

44
Q

anxiety

A

anticipation of impending danger and dread, accompanying by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and breathing difficulty, not associated with an apparent stimulus

45
Q

claustrophobia

A

fear of enclosed spaces

46
Q

delusion

A

persistent belief in a demonstrable untruth or a provable inaccurate perception despite clear evidence to the contrary

47
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

maladaptive coping with severe stress by developing one or more separate personalities

48
Q

dyslexia

A

inability or difficulty with reading and/or writing

49
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable, and often irrational worry about everyday things

50
Q

gynephobia

A

fear of women

51
Q

illusion

A

inaccurate sensory perception based on a real stimulus

52
Q

osessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

disorder characterized by recurrent, distressing, and unavoidable preoccupations or irresistible drives to perform specific rituals that the patient feels will prevent some harmful event

53
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by recurring, severe panic attacks

54
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

extended emotional response to a traumatic event

symptoms may include: flachbacks, recurring nightmares, anhedonia, depression, insomnia, anxiety, suicidal thoughts

55
Q

somatoform disorder

A

any disorder that has unfounded physical complaints by the patient, despite medical assurance that no physiological problem exists (hypochondriac disorder)

56
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

prolonged refusal to eat adequate amounts of food and an altered perception of what constitutes a normal minimum body weight, caused by an intense fear of becoming obese

57
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder in which the individual repetitively eats large quantities of food and then purges the body via self-induced vomiting or inappropriate use of laxatives

58
Q

hypersomnia

A

excessive length or depth of sleep, especially during daytime

59
Q

psychosis

A

disassociation with or impaired perception of reality; may be accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, incoherence, akathisia, and/or disorganized behavior

60
Q

hypoactive sexual desire disorder

frigidity

A

indifference or unresponsiveness to sexual stimuli; inability to achieve orgasm during intercourse

61
Q

idiopathic insomnia

A

inability to fall (or stay) asleep, without a known cause

62
Q

nymphomania

A

relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in females

63
Q

satyrasis

A

relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in males

64
Q

somnambulism

A

sleepwalking

Language of Medicine (18 decks)

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