Mental and Behavioral Disorders Flashcards
anhedonia
absence of ability to experience pleasure, even if there is reason to
confabulation
effort to conceal a memory gap by fabricating detailed, often believable, stories
associated with alcohol abuse
dyscalculia
difficulty with performing mathematical calculations
dysphoria
generalized negative mood characterized by depression
echolalia
repetition of words or phrases spoken by others
euphoria
exaggerated sense of physical and emotional well-being not based on reality, or inappropriate to the situation
hallucination
any unreal sensory perception that occurs with no external cause
hyperkinesis
excessive movement and activity
stupor
a “numb” state of near nconsciousness
dementia
lack of normal mental functioning, due to injury or disease
may include changes to personality, memory, and/or reasoning
affect
observable demonstration of emotion that can be described in terms of quality, range, and appropriateness
blunted affect
moderately reduced range of affect
flat affect
diminished or loss of emotional expression
sometimes observed in schizophrenia, mental retardation, and some depressive disorders
labile affect
multiple, abrupt changes in affect seen in certain types of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
full/wide range of affect
generally appropriate emotional response
substance abuse
use of substances in ways that threaten health or impair social or economic functioning
examples of substances: alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives, stimulants, nicotine, and inhalants
harmful use
a pattern of drug use that causes damage to health
tolerance
a state in which the body becomes accustomed to the substances ingested, so the user requires greater quantities to get the desired effects
remission
exhibiting a lessening or disappearance of a disease/disorder
delirium tremens (DTs)
acute and sometimes fatal delirium from quitting “cold-turkey” after years of excessive alcohol ingestion
dependence
difficulty in controlling use of a drug
intoxication
episode of behavioral disturbance following ingestion of alcohol or psychotropic drugs
(ICD-10 also provides a code to identify blood alcohol level)
withdrawal state
group of symptoms that occur during cessation of the use of a regularly-taken drug
akathisia
inability to sit still
amnesia
inability to remember the past, isolated or entire
may be caused by brain damage or severe emotional trauma
catatonia
paralysis or immobility from psychological or emotional causes, rather than physical
catatonic schizophrenia
schizophrenic catalepsy
a type of schizophrenia that is by prominent psychomotor disturbances that may alternate between extremes, such as hyperkinesis and stupor, and may be accompanied by a dreamlike state and hallucinations
delirium
condition of confused, unfocused, irrational agitation
in mental disorders, this may also be accompanied by more intense disorientation, incoherence, or fear, and illusions, hallucinations, and delusions
hebephrenia
disorganized schizophrenia
initially occurs at puberty
characterized by prominent affective changes, fleeting and fragmentary delusions and hallucinations, irresponsible and unpredictable behaviors.
oneirism
state of dreamlike hallucination
paranoia
delusional disorder, late paraphrenia
a delusional disorder that includes inaccurate perception of suspicious thinking
schizophrenia
a group of disorders characterized by fundamental distortions of thinking and perception, coupled with affect that is inappropriate or blunted
patient exhibits inability to recognize an appropriate perception of reality, although their intellectual capacity is usually intact
schizotypal disorder
patient exhibits anhedonia, eccentric behavior, cold affect, and social isolation
bipolar disorder
disorder characterized by swings between elevated mood, energy, and activity (mania), and lowered mood, energy, activity (depression)
cyclothymia
disorder characterized by recurring episodes of mild elation and depression that are not severe enough to diagnose as bipolar
dysthymia
mild chronic depression of mood that lasts for years, but not severe enough to justify a diagnosis of depression
euthymia
a normal range of mood and emotions
major depressive disorder
depression typically characterized by its degree (minimal, moderate, severe) or number of occurrences (single, recurrent, persistent)
patient exhibits dysphoria, reduction of energy, decrease in activity; perhaps also anhedonia, lack of ability to concentrate, fatigue, abnormal sleep patterns, etc.
mania
a state of unstable, inappropriate mood
acrophobia
fear of heights
agoraphobia
fear of crowded places
androphobia
fear of men
anthropophobia
social phobia
fear of scrutiny from others
anxiety
anticipation of impending danger and dread, accompanying by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and breathing difficulty, not associated with an apparent stimulus
claustrophobia
fear of enclosed spaces
delusion
persistent belief in a demonstrable untruth or a provable inaccurate perception despite clear evidence to the contrary
dissociative identity disorder
maladaptive coping with severe stress by developing one or more separate personalities
dyslexia
inability or difficulty with reading and/or writing
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable, and often irrational worry about everyday things
gynephobia
fear of women
illusion
inaccurate sensory perception based on a real stimulus
osessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
disorder characterized by recurrent, distressing, and unavoidable preoccupations or irresistible drives to perform specific rituals that the patient feels will prevent some harmful event
panic disorder
anxiety disorder characterized by recurring, severe panic attacks
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
extended emotional response to a traumatic event
symptoms may include: flachbacks, recurring nightmares, anhedonia, depression, insomnia, anxiety, suicidal thoughts
somatoform disorder
any disorder that has unfounded physical complaints by the patient, despite medical assurance that no physiological problem exists (hypochondriac disorder)
anorexia nervosa
prolonged refusal to eat adequate amounts of food and an altered perception of what constitutes a normal minimum body weight, caused by an intense fear of becoming obese
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder in which the individual repetitively eats large quantities of food and then purges the body via self-induced vomiting or inappropriate use of laxatives
hypersomnia
excessive length or depth of sleep, especially during daytime
psychosis
disassociation with or impaired perception of reality; may be accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, incoherence, akathisia, and/or disorganized behavior
hypoactive sexual desire disorder
frigidity
indifference or unresponsiveness to sexual stimuli; inability to achieve orgasm during intercourse
idiopathic insomnia
inability to fall (or stay) asleep, without a known cause
nymphomania
relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in females
satyrasis
relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in males
somnambulism
sleepwalking
