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MCAT > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What two hormones dilate blood vessels in the uterus causing thickening?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

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2
Q

Angiogenesis

A

creation of blood vessels (increased vascularization)

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3
Q

What secretes GnRH?

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is the purpose of GnRH?

A

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.

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5
Q

FSH Origin

A

Anterior Pituitary

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6
Q

FSH Mechanism

A

Goes from anterior pituitary to ovaries to simulate follicle growth

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7
Q

What does the mature follicle do?

A

secretes estrogen and turns off other follicles

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8
Q

What does estrogen do at low levels?

A

At low levels, estrogen inhibits GnRH

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9
Q

What is the result of GnRH inhibition?

A

FSH and LH build up in the anterior pituitary (they are constituitive)

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10
Q

Are FSH and LH constituitive?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Is GnRH constituitive?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What happens as estrogen levels continue to rise?

A

As estrogen levels rise, the uterine lining grows because of dilation of blood vessels in uterus (and brain).

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13
Q

What causes rising estrogen levels?

A

Maturing Follicle

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14
Q

What happens at high estrogen levels?

A

At high estrogen levels:

  • activate GnRH
  • LH (and FSH) spike
  • LH binds to follicle causing it to pop
  • Secondary oocyte is released when follicle pops
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15
Q

What is the result of the LH sike?

A

LH spike:

  • LH binds to follicle causing it to pop
  • Popping releases secondary oocyte

(undergoing Meiosis I)

-Ovulation

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16
Q

What causes ovulation?

A

LH spike

17
Q

What becomes of the ruptured follice?

A

The ruptured follicle becomes the Corpus Luteum in the ovary.

18
Q

What happens to estrogen levels at the point of ovulation?

A

At the point of ovulation:

-estrogen levels begin to decrease

19
Q

What is needed as estrogen levels begin to decrease? Why?

A

Progesterone is needed to dilate blood vessels in the uterus.

20
Q

What produces progesterone?

A

Corpus Luteum

21
Q

What happens at Day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

At Day 14:

-corpus luteum secretes progesterone

22
Q

Progesterone Result

A

blood vessel dilation

23
Q

What maintains the corpus luteum?

A

LH maintains the corpus luteum.

24
Q

Describe the relationship between progesterone and LH.

A
  • Progesterone inhibits LH
  • corpus luteum dies
  • progesterone and estrogen levels drop
  • blood vessels constrict
  • sloughing off
  • menstruation
25
Q

What event signals menstruation? When?

A

death of the corpus luteum around Day 23

26
Q

What produces HCG?

A

Blastula makes HCG

27
Q

What happens 10 days after pregnancy?

A

10 days after pregnancy:

  • blastula cells fuse with mother’s placental cells
  • HCG enters blood
28
Q

During pregnancy, what maintains the corpus luteum?

A

HCG (on/off switch)(takes the place of LH)

29
Q

How is HCG like LH? How is it different?

A

Like LH, progesterone maintains the corpus luteum.

HCG is not inhibited by progesterone (LH is).

30
Q

What makes progesterone in the 2nd trimester?

A

placenta

31
Q

What kind of hormone is progesterone from the placenta?

A

paracrine- locally dilates blood vessels

32
Q

What kind of hormone is progesterone from the corpus luteum?

A

endocrine

33
Q

Progesterone inhibits _______ but not __________.

A

Progesterone inhibits LH but not HCG.

34
Q

If pregnant, when does corpus luteum die?

A

2nd trimester

35
Q

If not pregnant, when does corpus luteum?

A

Day 14

36
Q

If pregnant, when is HCG no longer made?

A

2nd trimester

37
Q

How is HCG like LH?

A

HCG is LH analog. Like LH but no receptor for progesterone to bind and inhibit.

38
Q

Describe Day 0 of the Menstrual Cycle.

A
  • GnRH (constituitive) secreted by hypothalamus
  • GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH
  • FSH stimulates growth of one follicle
  • mature follicle secretes estrogen
39
Q

How does birth control work?

A

Birth control creates low tonic levels of estrogen.

  • this inhibits GnRH
  • no FSH release
  • no mature follicle
  • no ovulation
  • prevents ovulation

MCAT (7 decks)

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