Endocrine Flashcards
ADH Stimulus
low blood volume (want more water in blood)
high blood osmol (high [] particles in blood so you still want more water in the blood)
ADH Mechanism
peptide hormone so it binds to extracellular receptor which activates a secondary message and opens an aquaporon which allows water to flow through it
ADH Origin
Posterior Pituitary (osmol receptors)
ADH Result
increase water reabsorption across the collecting duct
bring water back into the body to maintain blood volume
Aldosterone Stimulus
low blood volume or high blood osmol
Aldosterone Mechanism
acts around distal convoluted tubule to activate sodium pumps
steroid hormone so it enters nucleus to activate transcription of sodium pumps
pumps more sodium into tissue
resulting osmotic pressure sucks fluid into tissue and concentrates urine
Aldosterone Origin
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone Result
increased water reabsorption
EPO Stimulus
low oxygen in blood
or
low blood volume
EPO Mechanism
released into blood
enters bone marrow
stimulates RBC production
Effect of low GFR on EPO?
cells sense low GFR, EPO increases
EPO Origin
Juxta-glomerulus cells
senses pressure in Bowman’s Capsule
What does GFR determine?
GFR determines how much filtrate is made.
The higher the hydrostatic pressure, the _______ GFR?
The higher the hydrostatic pressure, the higher GFR.
EPO Result
Increase in RBC production
Good: extra oxygen carrying, thicker blood moves slower
Bad: thicker blood can clot
Renin Stimulus
low blood volume or low blood pressure
Renin Origin
Juxta-glomerulus cells
(sense low GFR)
Renin Mechanism
3 Organ Hormone
- secreted by kidney
- travels to liver
- in liver, renin activates angiotensinogen to angiotensinogen I
- angio I travels to lungs
- in lungs, angio 1 becomes angio 2 (effector molecule)
- angio 2 activates adrenal cortex to make aldosterone (and arteriol constriction)
Renin Result
Increased Blood Pressure
(Increased Blood Volume)
How do you know a follicle is mature?
A mature follicle secretes estrogen.
2 Effects of Angiotensin 2
- activates adrenal cortex to make aldosterone
- constricts arterioles (to increase blood pressure)
Tmax
Kidney’s reabsorption receptors work at max rate (Tmax)
obeys saturation kinetics
What happens if you exceed the Tmax of glucose transporters in the kidney?
urinate glucose
Higher the Blood Pressure, the _______ time to reabsorb?
Higher the Blood Pressure, the less time to reabsorb.
The lower the Blood Pressure, the ______ time to reabsorb?
The lower the blood pressure, the more time to reabsorb.
High GFR, _______ Clearance
High GFR, Low Clearance
Clearance
how quickly the kidney gets rid of things
4 Hormones of Kidney
Aldosterone
ADH
EPO
Renin
What drives filtration?
Hydrostatic Pressure
What drives reabsorption?
ATP
What drives the concentration of urine?
Osmotic Pressure across the collecting duct
(osmotic pressure is created by the ascending loop of henle)
Angiogenesis
creation of blood vessels
increase in vascularization
ACTH Result
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete:
Sweet- cortisol and growth hormone
Salty- aldosterone
Sex- androgens
TSH Result
TSH stimulates thyroid to secrete TH.