Menstrual cycle

Question 1

Regulates secretion of FSH & LH

Answer 1

GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)

Question 2

Gonadotropins include?

Answer 2

FSH and LH

Question 3

Structural similarity of FSH and LH?

Answer 3

similar subunits different beta subunits

Question 4

acts on granulosa cells of ovarian follicles to stimulate follicular growth

Answer 4

FSH

Question 5

acts on theca cells & granulosa cells, which are luteinized to theca-lutein and granulosa-lutein cells respectively

Answer 5

LH

Question 6

purpose of LH on theca cells and granulosa cells

Answer 6

stimulate ovarian steroid production

Question 7

Anterior Pituitary Gland sends what feedback to hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Positive feedback

Question 8

Ovaries send what feedback to hypothalamus?

Answer 8

negative feedback

Question 9

What phase is the production of GnRH

Answer 9

Follicular phase

Question 10

What phase is the production of LH and FSH

Answer 10

Follicular phase

Question 11

Overies produces what hormones?

Answer 11

Estradiol/ Estrogen
Progesterone

Question 12

Developing of follicles

Answer 12

Follicular phase

Question 13

Thickening of follicles is in what phase?

Answer 13

Luteal phase

Question 14

forms of estrogen?

Answer 14

Estrone - E1
Estradiol - E2
Estriol - E3

Question 15

estrogen that is most common form in post-menopausal years

Answer 15

Estrone

Question 16

estrogen that is most potent; most common form during reproductive years

Answer 16

Estradiol

Question 17

estrogen that is least potent; most common form in pregnancy

Answer 17

Estriol

Question 18

Secretion of estrogen is regulated by?

Answer 18

FSH

Question 19

Thickens endometrium during the proliferative phase

Answer 19

Estrogen

Question 20

Secretion of progesterone is regulated by?

Answer 20

LH

Question 21

Maintains endometrium during secretory phase

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

Prepares endometrium for implantation

Answer 22

Progesterone

Question 23

HPO axis stands for?

Answer 23

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian axis

Question 24

What are the ovarian steroids?

Answer 24

Estrogen, Progesterone, Androgen

Question 25

Hormones that are produced in theca cells

Answer 25

Androstenedione and testosterone

Question 26

At low concentrations, these are transported to granulosa cells for aromatization to estradiol & estrone

Answer 26

Androgen

Question 27

two-cell two-gonadotropin mechanism of steroidogenesis

Answer 27

aromatization

Question 28

androgen at high concentrations, they are converted to?

Answer 28

5-alpha reduced androgens

Question 29

5-alpha reduced androgens that cannot be converted to estrogens inhibits the?

Answer 29

aromatase activity

Question 30

inhibiting aromatase activity causes what?

Answer 30

atresia of follicles

Question 31

More accurately called "female monthly sexual cycle"

Answer 31

Menstrual cycle

Question 32

Spontaneous, cyclical ovulation occurs at?

Answer 32

21-25 days intervals

Question 33

Cyclical ovulation continues for almost 40 years between?

Answer 33

menarche and menopause

Question 34

Menstrual flow volume?

Answer 34

less than 80 ml per cycle

Question 35

Shortest to longest cycle variation?

Answer 35

less than or equal to 7-9 days

Question 36

duration of menses?

Answer 36

less than or equal to 8 days

Question 37

frequency of menses?

Answer 37

every 24-38 days

Question 38

menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in what organs?

Answer 38

ovary and uterus

Question 39

Ovarian cycle 1-14 days is what phase?

Answer 39

Follicular phase

Question 40

Ovarian cycle 15-28 days is what phase?

Answer 40

Luteal phase

Question 41

Endometrial cycle 1-14 days is what phase?

Answer 41

Proliferative phase

Question 42

Endometrial cycle 15-28 days is what phase?

Answer 42

Secretory phase

Question 43

First bleeding is considered as the?

Answer 43

Day 1

Question 44

Day 14 is considered as the?

Answer 44

Ovulation day

Question 45

Fertile window are days what?

Answer 45

Days 11-15

Question 46

First phase which involves maturation of follicles Begins with initiation of menstruation and averages 14 days in length length of follicular phase determines the cycle duration

Answer 46

Follicular phase

Question 47

After ovulation, corpus luteum becomes what?

Answer 47

involution then corpus albicans

Question 48

coincides with the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle hypertrophy of granulosa cells and theca cells and the follicle wall collapses; the structure becomes the corpus luteum

Answer 48

Luteal phase

Question 49

COrpus luteum secretes?

Answer 49

progesterone, estradiol, and inhibin A

Question 50

oincides with follicular phase there is progressive mitotic growth of the decidua functionalis as a result of the rising estradiol level (secondary to the growth of the dominant follicle)

Answer 50

Proliferative phase

Question 51

Endometrial glands become longer and tortuous

Answer 51

Proliferative phase

Question 52

Coincides with luteal phase of the ovarian cycle (where corpus luteum comes into play) endometrium is optimally prepared for implantation by day 6-7 post ovulation In a regular 28-day cycle, endometrium has well-formed subnuclear glycogen-rich vacuoles in gland lining cells and palisading cell nuclei by day 17 glands become increasingly elongated, tortuous and sacculated and the spiral arterioles are in abundance

Answer 52

secretory phase

Question 53

Happens if no implantation takes place

Answer 53

menstruation phase

Question 54

facilitate the expulsion of sloughed endometrial tissue from uterus

Answer 54

PGF2 Alpha

Question 55

PGF2 alpha causes what?

Answer 55

arteriolar spasm, endometrial ischemia, and myometrial contractions

Question 56

PGF2 alpha means?

Answer 56

Prostaglandin F2-alpha