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MCN > Menstrual cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Regulates secretion of FSH & LH

A

GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)

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2
Q

Gonadotropins include?

A

FSH and LH

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3
Q

Structural similarity of FSH and LH?

A

similar subunits different beta subunits

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4
Q

acts on granulosa cells of ovarian follicles to stimulate follicular growth

A

FSH

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5
Q

acts on theca cells & granulosa cells, which are luteinized to theca-lutein and granulosa-lutein cells respectively

A

LH

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6
Q

purpose of LH on theca cells and granulosa cells

A

stimulate ovarian steroid production

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7
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland sends what feedback to hypothalamus?

A

Positive feedback

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8
Q

Ovaries send what feedback to hypothalamus?

A

negative feedback

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9
Q

What phase is the production of GnRH

A

Follicular phase

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10
Q

What phase is the production of LH and FSH

A

Follicular phase

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11
Q

Overies produces what hormones?

A

Estradiol/ Estrogen
Progesterone

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12
Q

Developing of follicles

A

Follicular phase

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13
Q

Thickening of follicles is in what phase?

A

Luteal phase

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14
Q

forms of estrogen?

A

Estrone - E1
Estradiol - E2
Estriol - E3

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15
Q

estrogen that is most common form in post-menopausal years

A

Estrone

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16
Q

estrogen that is most potent; most common form during reproductive years

A

Estradiol

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17
Q

estrogen that is least potent; most common form in pregnancy

A

Estriol

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18
Q

Secretion of estrogen is regulated by?

A

FSH

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19
Q

Thickens endometrium during the proliferative phase

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

Secretion of progesterone is regulated by?

A

LH

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21
Q

Maintains endometrium during secretory phase

A

Progesterone

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22
Q

Prepares endometrium for implantation

A

Progesterone

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23
Q

HPO axis stands for?

A

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian axis

24
Q

What are the ovarian steroids?

A

Estrogen, Progesterone, Androgen

25
Q

Hormones that are produced in theca cells

A

Androstenedione and testosterone

26
Q

At low concentrations, these are transported to granulosa cells for aromatization to estradiol & estrone

A

Androgen

27
Q

two-cell two-gonadotropin mechanism of steroidogenesis

A

aromatization

28
Q

androgen at high concentrations, they are converted to?

A

5-alpha reduced androgens

29
Q

5-alpha reduced androgens that cannot be converted to estrogens inhibits the?

A

aromatase activity

30
Q

inhibiting aromatase activity causes what?

A

atresia of follicles

31
Q

More accurately called “female monthly sexual cycle”

A

Menstrual cycle

32
Q

Spontaneous, cyclical ovulation occurs at?

A

21-25 days intervals

33
Q

Cyclical ovulation continues for almost 40 years between?

A

menarche and menopause

34
Q

Menstrual flow volume?

A

less than 80 ml per cycle

35
Q

Shortest to longest cycle variation?

A

less than or equal to 7-9 days

36
Q

duration of menses?

A

less than or equal to 8 days

37
Q

frequency of menses?

A

every 24-38 days

38
Q

menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in what organs?

A

ovary and uterus

39
Q

Ovarian cycle 1-14 days is what phase?

A

Follicular phase

40
Q

Ovarian cycle 15-28 days is what phase?

A

Luteal phase

41
Q

Endometrial cycle 1-14 days is what phase?

A

Proliferative phase

42
Q

Endometrial cycle 15-28 days is what phase?

A

Secretory phase

43
Q

First bleeding is considered as the?

A

Day 1

44
Q

Day 14 is considered as the?

A

Ovulation day

45
Q

Fertile window are days what?

A

Days 11-15

46
Q

First phase which involves maturation of follicles
Begins with initiation of menstruation and averages 14 days in length
length of follicular phase determines the cycle duration

A

Follicular phase

47
Q

After ovulation, corpus luteum becomes what?

A

involution then corpus albicans

48
Q

coincides with the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle
hypertrophy of granulosa cells and theca cells and the follicle wall collapses; the structure becomes the corpus luteum

A

Luteal phase

49
Q

COrpus luteum secretes?

A

progesterone, estradiol, and inhibin A

50
Q

oincides with follicular phase
there is progressive mitotic growth of the decidua functionalis as a result of the rising estradiol level (secondary to the growth of the dominant follicle)

A

Proliferative phase

51
Q

Endometrial glands become longer and tortuous

A

Proliferative phase

52
Q

Coincides with luteal phase of the ovarian cycle (where corpus luteum comes into play)
endometrium is optimally prepared for implantation by day 6-7 post ovulation
In a regular 28-day cycle, endometrium has well-formed subnuclear glycogen-rich vacuoles in gland lining cells and palisading cell nuclei
by day 17 glands become increasingly elongated, tortuous and sacculated and the spiral arterioles are in abundance

A

secretory phase

53
Q

Happens if no implantation takes place

A

menstruation phase

54
Q

facilitate the expulsion of sloughed endometrial tissue from uterus

A

PGF2 Alpha

55
Q

PGF2 alpha causes what?

A

arteriolar spasm, endometrial ischemia, and myometrial contractions

56
Q

PGF2 alpha means?

A

Prostaglandin F2-alpha

MCN (8 decks)

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