labor monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

labor monitoring includes

A

internal examination
electronic fetal monitoring

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2
Q

what to include in internal examination

A

cervical dilation
cervical effacement
station
membrane

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3
Q

ave diameter of cervical opening
measured in cm
admits tip - 10cm (fully dilated)

A

cervical dilation

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4
Q

degree of decrease in cervical length
measured in %

A

cervical effacement

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5
Q

level of presenting part in relation to ischial spines (station 0)

A

station

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6
Q

how to measure station

A

minus (-), zero, plus (+)

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7
Q

part of internal examination which determines the
bag of water
unruptured / intact
ruptured

A

membrane

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8
Q

process of puncturing the amniotic sac

A

amniotomy

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9
Q

phases of uterine contractions

A

increment
acme
decrement

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10
Q

“building up” or increasing contraction; longest phase

A

increment

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11
Q

peak of a contraction

A

acme

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12
Q

period of “letting up” or decreasing contraction

A

decrement

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13
Q

characteristics of uterine contractions

A

duration
frequency
interval

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14
Q

from beginning of one contraction to end of the same contraction

A

duration

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15
Q

from beginning of one contraction to beginning of the next contraction

A

frequency

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16
Q

resting time between contractions to allow placental perfusion

17
Q

used to detect uterine contractions

A

cardiotocograph (CTG)

18
Q

how to read CTG?

A

DR - define risk
C - contractions
BRa - baseline rate
V - variability
A - accelerations
D - decelerations
O - overall impression

19
Q

record number of contractions present in a minute period

20
Q

average heart rate of the fetus within a 10/20-minute window

A

baseline fetal heart rate

21
Q

normal FHB

A

110-160 bpm

22
Q

fetal tachycardia baseline heart rate

23
Q

fetal bradychardia baseline heart rate

24
Q

beat to beat fluctuations from baseline heart rate
result of interaction between nervous system, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors and cardiac responsiveness of fetus
indicates how healthy a fetus is at a particular time

A

variability

25
a variability where amplitude range is undetectable
absent variability
26
minimal variability range
<5bpm
27
moderate variability
6-25 bpm
28
marked variability
>25 bpm
29
abrupt increase in baseline fetal heart rate of more than 15 bpm for more than 15 seconds
accelerations
30
abrupt decrease in baseline fetal heart rate of more than 15 bpm for more than 15 seconds
decelerations
31
early decelerations is due to
head compression
32
3 types of decelerations
early deceleration variable deceleration late deceleration
33
a deceleration due to head compression
early deceleration
34
deceleration due to umbilical cord deceleration
variable deceleration
35
deceleration due to uteroplacental sufficiency
late deceleration
36
very concerning as it is associated with high rates of fetal morbidity and mortality
sinusoidal pattern
37
sinusoidal pattern indicates
severe fetal hypoxia severe fetal anemia fetal/maternal hemorrhage