labor monitoring

Question 1

labor monitoring includes

Answer 1

internal examination
electronic fetal monitoring

Question 2

what to include in internal examination

Answer 2

cervical dilation
cervical effacement
station
membrane

Question 3

ave diameter of cervical opening
measured in cm
admits tip - 10cm (fully dilated)

Answer 3

cervical dilation

Question 4

degree of decrease in cervical length
measured in %

Answer 4

cervical effacement

Question 5

level of presenting part in relation to ischial spines (station 0)

Answer 5

station

Question 6

how to measure station

Answer 6

minus (-), zero, plus (+)

Question 7

part of internal examination which determines the
bag of water
unruptured / intact
ruptured

Answer 7

membrane

Question 8

process of puncturing the amniotic sac

Answer 8

amniotomy

Question 9

phases of uterine contractions

Answer 9

increment
acme
decrement

Question 10

“building up” or increasing contraction; longest phase

Answer 10

increment

Question 11

peak of a contraction

Answer 11

acme

Question 12

period of “letting up” or decreasing contraction

Answer 12

decrement

Question 13

characteristics of uterine contractions

Answer 13

duration
frequency
interval

Question 14

from beginning of one contraction to end of the same contraction

Answer 14

duration

Question 15

from beginning of one contraction to beginning of the next contraction

Answer 15

frequency

Question 16

resting time between contractions to allow placental perfusion

Answer 16

interval

Question 17

used to detect uterine contractions

Answer 17

cardiotocograph (CTG)

Question 18

how to read CTG?

Answer 18

DR - define risk
C - contractions
BRa - baseline rate
V - variability
A - accelerations
D - decelerations
O - overall impression

Question 19

record number of contractions present in a minute period

Answer 19

10/20

Question 20

average heart rate of the fetus within a 10/20-minute window

Answer 20

baseline fetal heart rate

Question 21

normal FHB

Answer 21

110-160 bpm

Question 22

fetal tachycardia baseline heart rate

Answer 22

> 160 bpm

Question 23

fetal bradychardia baseline heart rate

Answer 23

<110 bpm

Question 24

beat to beat fluctuations from baseline heart rate
result of interaction between nervous system, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors and cardiac responsiveness of fetus
indicates how healthy a fetus is at a particular time

Answer 24

variability

Question 25

a variability where amplitude range is undetectable

Answer 25

absent variability

Question 26

minimal variability range

Answer 26

<5bpm

Question 27

moderate variability

Answer 27

6-25 bpm

Question 28

marked variability

Answer 28

> 25 bpm

Question 29

abrupt increase in baseline fetal heart rate of more than 15 bpm for more than 15 seconds

Answer 29

accelerations

Question 30

abrupt decrease in baseline fetal heart rate of more than 15 bpm for more than 15 seconds

Answer 30

decelerations

Question 31

early decelerations is due to

Answer 31

head compression

Question 32

3 types of decelerations

Answer 32

early deceleration
variable deceleration
late deceleration

Question 33

a deceleration due to head compression

Answer 33

early deceleration

Question 34

deceleration due to umbilical cord deceleration

Answer 34

variable deceleration

Question 35

deceleration due to uteroplacental sufficiency

Answer 35

late deceleration

Question 36

very concerning as it is associated
with high rates of fetal morbidity and mortality

Answer 36

sinusoidal pattern

Question 37

sinusoidal pattern indicates

Answer 37

severe fetal hypoxia
severe fetal anemia
fetal/maternal hemorrhage