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Gynecology > Menopause, Pelvic Organ Prolapse,Vaginal Bleeding, AUB > Flashcards

Menopause, Pelvic Organ Prolapse,Vaginal Bleeding, AUB Flashcards

1
Q

Permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity

A

Menopause

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2
Q

12 months of amenorrhea after LMP with no attributable cause

A

Menopause

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3
Q

Years prior to menopause that encompasses the change from normal -> cessation of Menses

A

Perimenopaus

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4
Q

Hallmark of Perimenopause

A

Skipped periods or longer intervals (40-60) days

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5
Q

Period of time when a woman passes from reproductive stage to non reproductive stage

A

Climacteric

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6
Q

Mean menopausal age for Filipinos

A

48 yo

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7
Q

Mean perimenopausal age

A

45.1 y/o

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8
Q

Indirect measure of follicle reserve

A

Dec in inhibin

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9
Q

Principal steroid secreted by the ovary post menopause

A

Androstenedione

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10
Q

Hallmark of Female climacteric

A

Hot Flush/ Flash

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11
Q

Protective effects of Estrogen

A

Inc HDL

Dec Total Cholesterol including LDL

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12
Q

M/C Bone changes in Menopause

A

Vertebral Bone Fracture

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13
Q

Absolute contraindication for Hormone Replacement Therapy

A

Porphyria Cutanei tarda

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14
Q

Staging or Pelvic Organ Prolapse: No Descent

A

0

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15
Q

Staging or Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Leading point >1 cm above hymen

A

1

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16
Q

Staging or Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Leading point 1 cm above or 1 cm below the hymen

A

2

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17
Q

Staging or Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Leading point >1 cm below he hymen but less than TVL (-2)

A

3

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18
Q

Staging or Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Leading point is more than TVL (-2). Complete eversion

A

4

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19
Q

Management for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

A

Pelvic Floor Muscle Training

Pessary

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20
Q

Outgrow of distal edge of urethra
Due to chronic irritation or infection
Mostly on postmenopausal women

A

Urethral caruncle

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21
Q

Rare malformations of BVs

Single, 1-2 cm in diameter, flat, soft, brown/red

A

Hemangioma of Vulva

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22
Q

Originates in the apocrine sweat glands

Most on Labia majora (38%)

A

Hidradenoma

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23
Q

Secondary to blunt trauma

Spontaneous formation occurring during pregnancy or post partum

24
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Tampon use - Microulcerations

25
Q

Most frequent cause of Local trauma to the vagina

26
Q

Risk Factors of Vaginal CA

A

History of Cervical CA
>5 partners
HPV Infection

27
Q

Most common benign neoplastic growth of the Cervix

28
Q

Cherry red polyp

A

Endocervical polyps

29
Q

Grayish white polyps

A

Grayish white

30
Q

Most common type of cervical polyp

A

Adenomatous

31
Q

Uterus AUB

A 
PALM COEIN
Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyosis
Malignancy

Coagulopathy
Ovulatory
Endometrial
Iatrogenic
Not yet classified
32
Q

Localized overgrowths of endometrial glands and stroma that projects beyond endometrium

A

Endometrial polyps

33
Q

3 components of Endometrial polyps

A

Endometrial Glands
Endometrial stroma
Central vascular changes

34
Q

Mgt for Endoometrial polyps

A

Hysteroscopy with D&C

35
Q

Ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within myometrium

Disruption of barrier between endometrium and myometrium

A

Adenomyosis: Endometriosis interna

36
Q

Posterior wall mostly involved

Not encapsulated

A

Diffuse type

37
Q

Asymmetric uterus

Pseudocapsule

A

Focal type

38
Q

Definitive treatment for Adenomyosis

A

Hysterectomy

39
Q

Single mutation in single progenitor cells which affects cytokine that affect cell growth which may be affected by estrogen and progesterone

40
Q

Most common form and mildest form of leiomyoma

41
Q

Most acute form of leiomyoma

A

Carnerous (red) degeneration

42
Q

Classic indications for Myomectomy

A

Persistent AUB
Pain/Pressure
Asymptomatic mass >8cm

43
Q

Contraindications for myomectomy

A 
PAMP
Pregnancy
Advanced Adnexal Disease
Malignancy
Possible endometrial damage
44
Q

Hysterectomy done in Leiomyoma

A

Asymptomatic with >14-16 weeks size

45
Q

Menorrhagia + immediately after menarche or late 40s & 50s

A

Physiologic

46
Q

Menorrhagia + soon after medication

A

Medication Induced

47
Q

Menorrhagia + Weight gain or symptoms of hyperandrogenism

A

Anovulation

48
Q

Menorrhagia + Gradual Increase over months, or sudden and non cylcic

A

Myoma, hyperplasia, malignancy

49
Q

Menorrhagia + Increasing disability from systemic disease

50
Q

First line diagnostic tool for AUB

51
Q

accurate evaluation tool for intracavitary lesion

A

Saline Infusion Sonography

52
Q

Endometrial biopsy indicated on:

A

Post menopausal woman with heavy irregular bleeding
Post menopausal women with Endometrial cells

Pre Menopausal women with atypical glandular cells

Tamoxifen patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding

Women still menstruating at age 52

53
Q

AE: Danazol

A

Lowering of voice

54
Q

Treatment of choice in women with hypovolemia due to DUB

55
Q

Maybe offered as an initial treatment for HMB
Women with medical contraindication against hysterectomy
Women with normal uterus and those with small myoma < 3 cm

A

Endometrial Ablation

56
Q

For failed pharmacological treatment

If HMB is causing anemia and/or serious impact to quality of life

A

Hysterectomy

Gynecology (8 decks)

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