Menopause Flashcards
What is menopause?
It is the cessation of menstruation Permanently due to loss of follicular ovarian function
What is the average age of menopause?
51,4 years
What is the pathophysiology of menopause?
What happens is that the theca cells found in the ovarian follicles have decreased response to the FSH and LH that is released by the pituatray gland
That causes a negative feedback where more FSH will be released and thus more oestrogen
What are the clicical symptoms of menopause?
- Vasomotor
- night sweats
- hot flushes
- irritability,insomnia
- fatigue - Psych
- depression
- anxiety - Vagina
- atrophy
- dryness
- dyspareunia - Cardio
- angina, atherosclerosis, - Osteoporosis
- Breasts get smaller and softer
What is perimenopausal?
It is the period before and after menopause
What is climacteric?
It means the period of reclined ovarian function
What is premature ovarian failure?
It is when menopause starts before 40 years
What are the benefits of HRT?
- Decreased vasomotor symptoms
- Increased quality of life
- Decreased osteoporosis
- Decreased fractures
- Decreased DM
What are the risks of HRT?
- Venous thromboembolism
- Coronary artery disease
- Pulmonary embolism
- Breast cancer and endometrial ca
- Gallstones
Why do we consider HRT?
We consider it because it is meant to combat oestrogen withdrawal
What can we first consider for HRT?
- Oestrogen
Conjugated equinuis oestrogen
17-Beta estradiol
Ethinyl estradiol
What are the other treatment options for HRT?
- Combined oral contraceptives
- Progesterone
-natural progesterone
-medroxyprogesterone acetate
-levonorgestrel - Androgens
Testosterone
Tibolone - Alternatives
-phytooestrogens
-red clover
What lifestyle changes can the woman do?
- Phytoestrogens
2. Avoid hot and spicy food
What are the contra-indications to HRT?
- Venous thromboembolism -previous CVA
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Untreated endometrial hyperplasia
- Undiagnosed pa bleeding
- Breast ca
