Infertility Flashcards
What is infertility?
The inability to fall pregnant after 12 months of trying to conceive without contraception
What is primary infertility?
The patient has never conceived
What is secondary infertility?
Secondary infertility is when the patient has had a child before and now cannot
What are the causes of female infertility?
- Above >35 years
- Anovulation (PCOS)
- Tubal damage
- Fibroids
- Endometriosis
- Premature ovarian failure <40 years
- Smoking
- Pharmacological factors
What does sterility mean?
It means that the patient has a irreversible cause for the infertility
What is the incidence of infertility?
One in every 6 couple
What are the 5 categories that can contribute to male infertility?
- Pretesticular
- Testicular
- Post-testicular
- Genito-urinary
- Immunological
What are the pre-testicular causes of infertility?
- Systemic
- stress
- diet
- smoking
- supplements/alcohol - Gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency
- hypothalamus
- pituatary - Endocrine excess
- oestrogen
- androgen
- glucocorticoid(Cushing syndrome)
What are the testicular causes of infertility?
- Chromosomal abnormalities-klinefelters syndrome
- Infection-mumps
- Trauma
- Androgen receptor abnormalities
- Chemo/radiation
What are the post-testicular causes of infertility?
Ductal obstruction
What is normospermia?
Normal semen parameters, ejaculate likely to be fertile
What is oligozoospermia?
It means that that the sperm count is less than 15 million
What does athenozoospermia mean?
Less than 30% motile spermatozoa with forward progression
What does teratozoospermia mean?
Less than 5% spermatozoa with normal morphology
What does azoospermia mean?
No sperm in the ejaculate
