Menopause Flashcards
What happens to systemic estrogen levels following menopause?
it decreases
What happens to systemic FSH levels following menopause?
increases
What happens to systemic LH levels following menopause?
increases
What happens to systemic GnRH levels following menopause?
increases
what is the HPG axis?
the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the hypothalamus and binds to receptors in the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate both the synthesis and release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). The released follicle stimulating hormone is carried by the bloodstream and binds to receptors in the testes and ovaries.
what does a fall in plasma FSH trigger?
Fall of FSH in the blood triggers the hypothalamus to produce more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
This stimulates the pituitary to make and release more FSH and LH.
This stimulates follicular growth in the ovaries which makes more estrogen and inhibin. Estrogen and Inhibin reduce GnRH
in the HPG axis, what triggers a reduction in GnRH?
increased production of estrogen and inhibin by the ovaries
What is the LH surge?
A rise in luteinizing hormone which triggers ovulation. It is released by the pituitary gland
What is FSH?
Follicle stimulating hormone is a gonadotrophic hormone which is releases by the pituitary to stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles
What hormonal changes occur after menopause?
depletion of ovarian follicles leads to reduced estrogen and progesterone secretion by the ovary. These hormones normally provide a negative feedback to the anterior pituitary. They cannot after this which leads to increased plasma LH and FSH
In the ovary, what secretes estrogen and progesterone?
preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea
estrogen and progesterone provide negative feedback on the production of what hormones produced by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone
What makes the VCD model so similar to human menopause?
“This novel mouse model is analogous to human peri- and postmenopause because it causes chemical-induced gradual ovarian failure and the animal retains residual ovarian tissue”
https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/aalas/15320820/v55n6/s6.pdf?expires=1678310633&id=0000&titleid=72010023&checksum=B816C6B3FB42D0D66BB73B38473D8015&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com
How do progesterone levels change in the VCD menopause model?
no changes during treatment, slight decrease after
What is the depletion of primordial follicles?
menopause
