Cipolla

Question 1

Does pregnancy affect the expression of tight junction proteins?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

Does pregnancy affect the permeability of the BBB to solutes?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

How does eclampsia affect the BBB?

Answer 3

it increases permeability

Question 4

What happens if you inhibit BBB efflux transporters during pregnancy?

Answer 4

seizures in pregnancy
latency to seizure onset correlates with circulating estrogen

Question 5

What is the effect of pregnancy on CBF autoregulation?

Answer 5

pregnancy extends the CBF autoregulatory curve

Question 6

Describe hippocampal blood flow

Question 7

What is PE

Answer 7

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy t

Question 8

How is PE associated with cognitive decline?

Answer 8

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is associated with memory impairment, cognitive decline and brain atrophy later in life in women at ages as young as early-to-mid 40 s.

PE increases the risk of vascular dementia three-fold

Question 9

How does PE affect neurovascular coupling in the hippocampus?

Answer 9

Rats that had ePE were hypertensive and had impaired vasoreactivity of HAs to mediators involved in matching neuronal activity with local blood flow (i.e., neurovascular coupling).

Question 10

Describe the mechanism of flow-induced dilation of pial collaterals during normotension

Answer 10

Shear stress activated Calcium channels on the membrane of endothelial cells, triggering an influx of calcium.

Increased intracellular calcium
1. activates eNOS which produces NO and triggers smooth muscle cells relaxation via cGMP
2. activates SK/IK potassium channels which lead to hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cells
this leads to vasodilation

Question 11

why might higher tone in pial collaterals be bad in the context of stroke?

Answer 11

Higher tone in pial collaterals basally and during occlusion/reperfusion could limit flow to the penumbra and promote evolution of infarction.

Question 12

Do spontaneously hypertensive rats have pial collaterals with higher or lower tone, basally and during ischemia?

Answer 12

pial tone was higher in hypertensive rats at baseline and during ischemia

Question 13

Does ischemia increase or decrease the tone of pial collaterals?

Answer 13

decrease

Question 14

Were LMAs from SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats) were vasoconstricted or vasodilated compared with normotensive Wistar rats.

Answer 14

vasoconstricted

Question 15

what treatment during chronic hypertension reversed vascular dysfunction and hyperconstriction of LMAs?

Answer 15

ACE inhibition

Question 16

Was there a sex difference in relative cerebral blood flow in both MCA and pial collateral territories during occlusion and reperfusion? (rats)

Answer 16

no difference

Question 17

Was there a sex difference in the myogenic tone of pial collaterals in rats?

Answer 17

no difference

Question 18

What did the lab find regarding sex differences in collateral circulation?

Answer 18

Our findings suggest that the reduced severity of stroke in premenopausal women and reproductively intact female rodents is not likely due to improved primary and pial collateral circulations.

Question 19

What were the lab’s findings regarding the ways in which parenchymal arterioles adapt to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion?

Answer 19

Adaptive response of PAs to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion includes myogenic tone reduction and outward remodelling. TRPV4 channels were involved in tone reduction but not outward remodelling in response to UCCAo.

Question 20

What are transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channels

Answer 20

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are ion channels that may be involved in the regulation of myogenic tone in the cerebral circulation. Activation of TRPV4 causes an increase in intracellular calcium. Increased intracellular calcium in vascular endothelial cells causes subsequent activation of small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SKCa/IKCa), leading to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) and vasodilation.