Estrogen Receptors

Question 1

Is aromatase expression in cerebral vessels higher in males or in females?

Answer 1

Aromatase expression is higher in the cerebral vessels of females compared to males

Question 2

How does hypoperfusion change expression of estrogen receptors in the brain?

Answer 2

Ischemia+reperfusion increased GPR30 expression in the per-infarct region of male mice but not in female or female ovx mice

Question 3

What regulates estrogen receptor expression in the brain?

Answer 3

a. Methylation

b. Promoters

Question 4

What is the difference between ERalpha and ERbeta?

Answer 4

a. Low levels of E2 will prefer to activate ERalpha
b. ERbeta can heterodimerize with ERalpha to act as a negative regulator of ERalpha mediated transcription
c. ERbeta higher in the hippc and may inhibit ERalpha based transcription
d. ERbeta may prevent the overactivation of ERalpha

Question 5

Why would GPER1 expression in the hippocampus be positively correlated with AUC only in post-menopausal females?

Answer 5

a. GPER can activate eNOS in endothelial cells https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4731095/
b. GPER anti-inflammatory in the vasculature

Question 6

5. How does menopause change estrogen receptor expression in the body and brain?

Answer 6

a. OVX in rats leads to a decrease in Era but not beta in the hippc

Question 7

Describe ERalpha KO mice

Answer 7

i. OVX young and middle-aged full body ERalphaKO mice have impaired memory

Question 8

Describe ERb KO mice

Answer 8

a. Full body KO:
Increased ERalpha mediated transcription, suggesting that ERbeta is a negative regulator of ERalpha activity
Ovx ERbetaKO don’t have memory impairments, actually enhanced in younger mice
b. Brain KO:
Vector delivery of ERalpha to the hippc of ERalphaKO mice rescues memory

Question 9

Describe GPER KO mice

Answer 9

Full body KO
Obese in males and females
OVX gper ko mice are dulled to the beneficial metabolic benefits of estrogen
have glucose intolerance