Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abscess Flashcards
What is meningitis
It is the inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and the spinal cord and the CSF
The CSF is found in between which membranes
The pia and the arachnoid matter
Where does the spinal cord end
Between L1 and L2
Mention the protective membranes
Pia, dura and arachnoid mater
What are the types of meningitis
Viral meningitis
Bacterial meningitis
Parasitic meningitis
Fungal meningitis
Non-infective meningitis
What is the most common type of meningitis
Viral meningitis
In which seasons are viral meningitis common
Summer and fall
Which type of virus cause about 85% percent of meningitis cases
Enterovirus
Mention some viruses which can also cause meningitis
Coxsackievirus A and B
Echovirus
Mention some bacteria which cause meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neiserria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenza
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the second most common type of meningitis
Bacterial meningitis
Which type of meningitis is likely to affect people with a weakened immune system
Fungal meningitis
Mention some fungi which causes meningitis
Cryptococcus
Blastomyces
Histoplasma
Coccidiodes
Which type of meningitis is caused by other medical conditions or treatments
Non-infective meningitis
Examples of conditions which causes meningitis
Lupus
Cancer
Certain medications like NSAIDs for certain people
Which type of meningitis is rare
Parasitic meningitis
Which type of meningitis is not spread between people
Parasitic meningitis
Which type of meningitis could go away without treatment
Viral meningitis
Which type of meningitis could be chronic
Fungal meningitis
Meningitis can occurs when the meninges are covered by the infecting agent
True or false
True
What substance will increase in the CSF in meningitis
Proteins
What are some risk factors in meningitis
Respiratory tract infection
Otitis media
Mastoiditis
Head trauma
Splenectomy
Sickle cell disease
Immunosuppressive therapy
Immnunocompromised host
Alcoholic patients
Patients with hardware. Eg. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
What are some early clinical features of meningitis
Headache
Leg pain
Cold hands and feet
Abnormal skin colour
Fever
Chills, nausea, vomiting
Which bacteria is there most common cause of petechial rash
Neisseria