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Medicine > Basics In ECG I > Flashcards

Basics In ECG I Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ECG

A

It is a recording of the changing potentials of the electric field imparted by the heart

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2
Q

What’s a fundamental part of a CVS assessment

A

ECG

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3
Q

What are some examples of arrhythmias

A

Sinus rhythm of atrial fibrillation
Bradycardia
Tachycardia

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4
Q

What are some examples of heart injury

A

Ischemia and infarction

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5
Q

What are some structural disorders an ECG can detect

A

LVH

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6
Q

What are some metabolic disorders an ECG can detect

A

K disorder

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7
Q

What forms the ECG

A

The electrical changes associated with depolarization and repolarization

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8
Q

Depolarisation towards positive electrode results in …………. deflection (upward or downward), away from electrode deflection …………… (upward, downward)

A

Upward, downward

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9
Q

What does the size of deflection reflect

A

The volume of the depolarised muscle

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10
Q

Mention the pacemakers of the heart

A

SA Node (dominant pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 60 - 100 beats/minute)
AV node
Ventricular cells

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11
Q

What are the two back up pacemakers of the heart

A

AV node
Ventricular cells

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12
Q

What is the rate of firing of the AV node

A

40-60 bpm

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13
Q

What is the firing rate of the ventricular cells

A

20 - 45 bpm

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14
Q

What node initiates atrial depolarization

A

SA node

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15
Q

What is the natural pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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16
Q

Which conduction system of the heart propagates impulses to the ventricles

A

AV node

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17
Q

What are the conducting tissues of ventricles

A

His-Purkinje system

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18
Q

What causes the P wave

A

Right and left atrial activation

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19
Q

What activation causes the initial septal Q wave

A

Septal activation

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20
Q

What causes the inscription of the whole QRS complex

A

Left ventricular free wall activation

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21
Q

What causes the His-Purkinje U wave

A

Late ventricular repolarization

22
Q

Where is V1 placed

A

4th ICS - right of the sternum

23
Q

Where is V2 placed

A

4th ICS - left of the sternum

24
Q

Where is V4 placed

A

Left midelavicular line in the 5th intercostal space

25
Q

Where is V3 placed

A

Halfway between V2 and V4.

26
Q

Where is V5 placed

A

5th ICS - left anterior axillary line

27
Q

Where is V6 placed

A

5th ICS - left mid-axillary line

28
Q

What is another name for the chest leads (V1-V6)

A

Anterior leads

29
Q

In what plane do chest leads view the heart

A

Horizontal plane

30
Q

A standard 12-lead placement has how many electrodes

A

10 electrodes

31
Q

List the limb leads

A

I, II, III
aVL, aVF, aVR

32
Q

In what plane do limb leads view the heart

A

Vertical plane

33
Q

Which leads view the heart from the inferior surface

A

II, III, aVF

34
Q

Which leads view the heart from the anterior surface

A

V1-V6

35
Q

Which leads view the heart from the lateral surface

A

I, aVL, V5-V6

36
Q

What is the paper speed of an ECG

A

25 mm/s

37
Q

What is the distance of 1 large square of an ECG

A

5 mm = 0.2 s

38
Q

What is the distance of 1 small square of an ECG

A

1mm = 0.04 s

39
Q

How many small squares make a large square in an ECG

A

5

40
Q

Electrical aspects in an ECG is measured in what unit

A

Millivolts

41
Q

Amplitude 1mV moves stylus ….. cm vertically
…… mV = 1mm = 1 small square

A

1, 0.1

42
Q

The amplitude of the waveform of an ECG is influenced by

A

Myocardial mass
Thickness of intervening tissue
Distance between electrode and myocardium
Net vector of depolarization

43
Q

What could low amplitude of an ECG be due to

A

Obesity
COPD
Pericardial fluid

44
Q

A high amplitude in an ECG could be due to

A

Thin patient
LVH

45
Q

Why is the deflection of the p wave small

A

Because of the little muscle mass of the atrium

46
Q

P wave is upright in what leads

A

Leads I and II

47
Q

A negative p wave in lead I could be because of

A

An incorrect lead placement
Dextrocardia
Ectopic atrial foci

48
Q

What is the PR interval

A

PR interval is the time between the onset of atrial depolarisation and the onset of ventricular depolarization

49
Q

PR Interval is constant
True or false

A

True

50
Q

What is the normal duration of the PR interval

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

Medicine (38 decks)

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