Meningitis Flashcards
Age meningitis
children <5 (due to undeveloped immune system) but also hits over 65’s (poorly functioning immune system) and 19-25 yrs (due to different social behaviour)
How are bacteria transferred?
Through secretions of nose/throat
incubation period
1-3 days
skin rash is associated with….
septicemia by N. meningitidis
1st line blind treatment
benzyl penicillin (pen G) IV OR high dose 3rd gen ceph
What are your 3rd gen cephs used?
IV ceftriaxone
IV cefotaximine
1st line if pen allergic
Chloramphenicol qds
Why not intrathecal admin?
Has to be made up especially as cannot contain preservatives
Advantage of bezyl pen
broad spec
rapid absorb
non-toxic in high conc
penetration to CSF
Most common causative organism
Neisseria meningitidis
80%
Most common strains on Neisseria meningitidis
Type B (80-90%) Type C (10%)
Type A, Y, W135 vaccines
Neisseria meningitidis pt group
<5
19-25
2 other common species
Streptococcus pneumoniae (65) Haemophilus influenzae B (now there are vaccines) (<5)
Add a steroid to…
e.g.
reduce inflammation (dexamethasone) - beta lactams cause cell lysis and LPS and cell products are released - inflam resposnse
MOA chloramphenicol
inhibit protein synthesis, bind to 50S subunit