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Biology study > Mendelian inheritance > Flashcards

Mendelian inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is heredity?

A

How parents pass characteristics to offspring

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2
Q

What is genetics?

A

The science of heredity

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3
Q

Who was Gregor Mendel?

A

Gregor Mendel was a monk that uncovered heredity and was named the father of genetics

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4
Q

what did gergor mendle use in his experiments

A

pea plants

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5
Q

What’ was the blending theory?

A

A theory that offspring have a blend of characteristic of their parents

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6
Q

Why did Gregor mendel use pea plants?

A

The pea plants were fast growing, easy to grow, and had different variations
- seeds, pods, size, color, position, stem length, round or wrinkled

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7
Q

What is pollination? When does it occur?

A

The fertilizing step in the sexual reproduction of plants
- occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma

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8
Q

What is pollen? Where is it produced

A

Pollen is the male gamete of a plant and is produced by the male flower part the anther

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9
Q

What is the stigma? Where is it produced

A

stigma is the female gamete of the plant
- produced in the carpel

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10
Q

What is self- pollination?

A

Pollen grains from the anther is transferred to the stigma on the same plant

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11
Q

What is cross pollination? what doe suit result in?

A

Pollen grains from another anther on a different plant is transferd to the stigma of another plant
- results in hybrid offspring

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12
Q

What is mendle’s first set of experiments?

A

Mendel started with the flower color and experimented with 1 characteristic at a time

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13
Q

What were the steps of mendel’s first set of experiments?

A
  • cross pollinated (fully breed) purple and white flowers (p generation)
  • f1 generation= were all purple flowers (heterozygous Pp)
  • f2 generation= some had white flowers as the f1 generation was allowed to self pollinate
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14
Q

what did Mendel conclude in his first set of experiments?

A

The 3:1 ratio 3 were purple and 1 was white
- 1 value of the characteristic disappeared in the f1 gen but reappeared in the f2 generation as a white flower
- 75% were purple and 25% were white

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15
Q

What is the p generation?

A

The fully breed purple and white flowers of mendel’s test

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16
Q

What is the f1 generation

A

The offspring of the p generation

17
Q

What is the f2 generation?

A

The offspring of the f1 generation that were self polllinated

18
Q

What is the law of segregation as?

A

States that there are 2 factors controlling a given characteristic one of which dominatates the other
- dominant and ressive genes

19
Q

What is true breeding?

A

Parents that only produce white or purple flowers
- p gen were an example of this

20
Q

What is a geneotype?

A

The genetic make up of an person
Ex: Pp, or Gg
Alleles that you recive from your parents

21
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical apperance
- ex: yellow or green tall or short

22
Q

Dominant vs resscive genes

A

dominant genes are expressed
Resscive genes are not expressed

23
Q

What is homozygous

A

2 of the same alleles
Ex: rr or pp
A trait can be fully either or

24
Q

What is heterozygous

A

organisms with different alleles
Ex: Pp or Yy

25
Q

How many geneotypes are there

A

3
Homozygous dominant PP
Homozygous resscive pp
Heterozygous Pp

26
Q

What results in PP and Pp

A

Purple flowers because the dominant allele is expressed

27
Q

What was mendel’s 2nd set ofd experiments?

A

-questions wether different characteristics are inherited together
-investigated 2 charctersistics at a time

28
Q

What did mendel’s 2nd set of experiments result in?

A

A dyhibrid cross
- led to the law of independent assortment

29
Q

what is a dyhibrid cross?

A

A cross between 2 f1 offspring that have different characteristics

30
Q

What is the law of independent assortment?

A

Factors controlling different characteristics are inherited separately

31
Q

What is a locus?

A

Position of a gene on a chromosome

32
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different versions of a gene

33
Q

What happens when an organism has different alleles

A

allows for the different variation in charcteristics of organism

34
Q

How many copies of genes do organisms have

A

in sexual reproduction organisms have 2 copies of the same gene because they ressive 1 from each parent

35
Q

What happens in meiosis that affects the alleles

A

in meiosis homolgous chromosomes separated and go to different gamers
- the 2 Allie’s for each gene also seperate and go to different gametes
- the different chromosomes assort independtly and the alleles also assort indecently
- a zygote inherites 2 Allen’s for each gene/ 1 allele form each parent

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